老年人孤独感及其团体心理辅导的干预作用

The Effects of Group Counseling on Loneliness of the Elderly

目的：调查老年人孤独感现状并探索团体心理辅导对老年人孤独感的干预作用，为降低老年人孤独感提供一套可行的实施方案。方法采用孤独感自评量表（ UCLA）对240名老年人进行调查，从敬老院选取30名适宜参加团体辅导的老年人随机分成实验组和对照组，实验组接受5次结构式团体辅导。用孤独量表和社会支持量表评估团体辅导前后的效果。结果敬老院老人、单身、65岁以上、小学及以下文化、无信仰的老人体验到的孤独感显著高于居住在农村和城市、有配偶、60～65岁、初中及高中文化、有信仰的老人（F＝107．357，t＝4．628，t＝-3．137，F＝23．293，t＝15．994，P＜0．01）。团体辅导前后老年人的孤独感（t＝7．462，P＜0．01）和社会支持（t＝-8．795，P＜0．01）存在显著差异。结论居住地、婚姻状况、年龄、受教育程度和有无信仰是影响老年人孤独感的因素；团体心理辅导可以有效改善敬老院老人的孤独感，提高老年人的社会支持水平。

Objective To explore the loneliness status of the elderly and intervention effect of group counseling on it .Methods U-sing UCLA loneliness scale to test 240 aged people .30 the aged living in institution were collected and assigned to experiment group （ n=15） and control group（n=15） randomly.The experiment group received group counseling of 5 times and 8 group meetings.UCLA loneliness scale and social support scale were administrated to all 30 the elderly before and after the group guidance to evaluate the effect .Results There were some differences on the score in the loneliness of the elderly living in institutions because of the differences on resi -dence,marriage,age,level of education,faith（F=107.357,t=4.628,t=-3.137,F=23.293,t=15.994;P〈0.01）.After the group guidance,the experiment group showed a significant decrease in score of loneliness （t=7.462,P〈0.01）and had a significant improvement in social support（t=-8.795,P〈0.01）.Conclusion Residence,marriage,age,level of education and faith influence the loneliness of the elderly .The group counseling is an effective way in decreasing the loneliness and improving the social support in the elderly .