主流征地制度改革观点检讨

Discussion on the Mainstream Viewpoints of Land Requisition Reform

研究目的:检讨主流征地制度改革观点存在的问题。研究方法:文献法和综合分析法。研究结果:公共利益泛化是地方政府违法成本—收益分析后的理性选择;严格意义的公益征收条件下,产值倍数法测算出的补偿水平并不必然低于土地所有权价值;将土地的社会保障价值纳入征地补偿标准客观性差,与现行法律兼容性差;土地换保障既不能为征地补偿提供客观标准,也无法为被征地农民社会保障制度建设提供科学依据。研究结论:客观征地补偿标准缺失条件下,地方政府与被征地农民逐利动机促成的逆向激励不利于经济可持续发展和社会安定团结。推进征地制度改革首先要构建并行于公益征收的非公益建设用地供给制度;其次应当让市场发挥定价作用,为地方政府与农民利益博弈提供客观的价格参照。

The purpose of this paper is to discuss dominant viewpoint of current land requisition reform. Documents and comprehensive analysis methods are used. The paper concludes in four aspects, including 1 ） considering results of benefit ＆ cost analysis, it＇ s a rational choice for local government to generalize the meaning of public interest; 2） land compensation calculated by method of valued multiples is not necessarily lower than land ownership value; 3） new land requisition compensation standards, which include social security function of farmland, are subjective and lack of coordination with current laws; 4） ＂land for social security＂ policy is not the right way to increase land compensation, and it can not properly establish social security system for those land expropriated peasants. Results of this paper lie in two aspects. Profits-seeking behaviors of local governments and peasants are harmful to economic and social sustainable development. In order to make further progress in land requisition reform, construction land supply institution must be provided, and the role of land market must be respected, which can provide objective price criterions for negotiation between local governments and land-expropriated peasants.