基于问卷调查的土地资源领域技术竞争力分析

Analysis on the Technological Competency in the Field of Land Resources Through a Questionnaire Survey

研究目的:基于问卷调查分析土地资源领域技术竞争力和发展趋势,为中国土地资源领域科技管理与技术创新提供参考。研究方法:文献分析法,问卷调查法,统计分析法。研究结果:(1)调查发现土地各方向技术领先国家主要集中在美国、德国等发达国家,并且"基本农田质量提升模式与等级认定技术"受到最大关注;(2)与先进国家相比,中国土地领域科技水平处于总体跟踪、局部领先阶段,专家评分集中在70分左右(百分制);(3)土地领域前沿技术包括土地整治、调查、规划等技术方向先进的工程装备、方法与理念,未来科技需求以服务于国土空间开发、资源节约利用、生态环境保护等深化土地改革事业的成套技术工艺、流程和标准为主。研究结论:(1)当前中国土地资源领域技术竞争力呈现:"特色鲜明、局部领先、整体跟踪、落后需求"特征;(2)与国际领先水平对比,中国当前土地技术差距指数在55—67之间,落后于领先水平10—15年,导致差距的第一制约因素为政策环境,第二制约因素为科研经费投入。

The purpose of this study is to analyze technological competency and its changing trend in the field of land resource, aiming to provide a reference for relevant management and sci-tech innovation in this field in China. The methods used included literature analysis, questionnaire survey and statistical analysis. The results indicate that 1 ） the survey found that United States, Germany and other developed countries belong to the technologically advanced countries in the subfields of land resources. The sub-field ＂prime farmland quality improvement model and grade recognition technology＂ has been paid greatest attention; 2） Generally, China is left behind but some part of the technologies are advanced, comparing with developed countries. The overall score of China was around 70 points regarding the technological level of China （totally 100 points）; 3） the land frontier technologies include advanced equipment, methods and concepts of land remediation, land investigation, land planning and so on. The future demand of science and technology is to serve the national spatial development, resource utilization and ecological environment protection and sets of technologies, processes and standards of deepening the cause of land reform process. The paper concludes that 1 ） the characteristics of technology competency in land resource field are ＂distinct own features, partially leading, overall lagged, and mismatching demand＂. The technical level lags behind developed countries; 2） technology disparity index between China and the world＇s best was 55-67. And our technology is behind the best level for about 10 to 15 year. The first constraint that leads to the disparity is policy environment, and the second is research funding.