石墨烯的生物安全性研究进展

Progress in biological safety of graphene

石墨烯是一种由碳原子以sp2杂化轨道组成六角型呈蜂巢晶格的二维碳纳米材料,具有优异的光学、电学、力学特性,在材料学、微纳加工、能源、生物医学和药物传递等方面具有重要的应用前景,被认为是一种未来革命性的材料.随着石墨烯在实际中的大规模生产和广泛应用,其生物安全性问题也备受关注.大量报道认为石墨烯是一种生物相容性良好的碳纳米材料,部分研究却发现石墨烯具有一定的生物毒性.石墨烯的生物毒性主要依赖于其理化性质(大小、形状、表面电荷、官能团等),与其使用剂量也密切相关.近年来,研究发现石墨烯纳米材料作用于不同生物体会表现出完全迥异的生物毒性.基于此,本文综述了近年来关于石墨烯在细胞毒性、动物毒性和抗菌性方面的研究进展,以期为石墨烯生物安全性评估和生物医学应用提供参考.

Graphene, a carbon nanomaterial with sp2-hybridized carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional （2D） honeycomb lattice. Owing to the excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, graphene has emerged as a revolutionary carbon material with great potential in materials science, micro-nanomachining, energy, biomedicine, and drug deliver. With the mass production and the widespread use of grapheme, the biological safety issues of graphene have caused a lot of concern. As similar to other nano particles, the biotoxicity of graphene and its derivative depends on their physicochemical property, and also depends on their concentration. But the biotoxicity of graphene and its derivative is complicatied. The same material may have different effect on the different organisms. So we must do further studies to clarify the biotoxicity of graphene. This review summarizes the current biotoxicity studies of graphene and its derivative. We want to provide a reference for biological safety assessment, and to provide a scientific guidance in the application of biological and medical domain.