重编程诱导多功能干细胞的研究进展

Research progress in reprogramming induced pluripotent stem cells

诱导多功能干细胞（ induced pluripotent stem cells，iPSCs），即通过不同的转导方法，将影响重编程的关键转录因子、RNA、蛋白或小分子化合物导入到成体细胞，使其＂返老还童＂回到胚胎干细胞状态，并能够被诱导分化产生不同的细胞类型。 iPSCs 的问世，对干细胞的发展具有划时代的意义，使得患者来源的体细胞可以被诱导成iPSCs，用于相关疾病的检测分析与干细胞治疗，规避了免疫排斥和道德论理等问题。但是由于iPSCs诱导的低效性和致瘤性，使得这个＂新星＂在临床中的应用被质疑，目前科学家一直围绕这2个核心问题展开研究，通过改进转导途径，改变重编程方法来提高它的安全性和效率，并取得了一系列喜人的结果，从而使iPSCs未来用于临床的前景变得越来越光明。

Induced pluripotent stem cells （ iPSCs） have been first induced from mouse fibroblasts since 2006, and the research on iPSCs has made great progress in the following years .iPS cell lines were established from different so-matic cells through DNA , RNA, protein, and small molecule compounds and various methods of transduction , making the induction of iPSCs more secure and effective , and more attractive prospect of clinical application .In this review , different somatic cell reprogramming , different levels of reprogramming , different transduction pathways , and prospect of application are discussed .