使用助听器的语前聋听障儿童康复训练后听觉能力的动态影响因素

Dynamic influencing factors of hearing-ability in prelingual deafness hearing-impaired children after rehabilitation training

目的 动态评估语前聋听障儿童康复训练后的听觉能力康复情况,并对影响训练效果的因素进行分析.方法 选取135例语前聋听障儿童（女性57例、男性78例）;年龄以初次接受培训时计算分为3组：＞5岁组,4～5岁组和＜4岁组;按听力损失程度分为2组：重度及以下聋组和极重度聋组;按离差智商不同分为3组：智力中等组、智力中上组及智力优秀组;按接受训练前的助听时间分为2组：＜3个月组和＞3个月组.测试均采用《听力障碍儿童听觉、语言能力评估标准及方法》中的听觉能力评估方法,分别在训练前、训练后6个月和12个月时分析影响听觉能力康复训练效果的主要因素,所获得的有效数据采用SPSS16.0软件进行分析.结果 不同年龄、不同听力损失程度、不同智力及不同助听时间的听障儿童听觉能力康复效果差异显著（P＜0.01）;其中年龄（r=-0.620）、听力损失程度（r=-0.505）与听觉能力康复效果呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,智力（r =0.562）及助听时间（r=0.519）与听觉能力康复效果呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）,不同性别听障儿童听觉能力康复效果无显著差异,无明显相关（P＞0.05）.结论 影响语前聋康复训练效果的主要因素有干预年龄、听力损失程度、智力情况及助听时间长短,年龄越小、听力损失越小、智商得分越高及助听时间较长者康复训练效果较好,性别因素影响不大.

Objective To study the dynamic influencing factors of hearing-ability in prelingual deafness hearingimpaired children after rehabilitation training.Methods One hundred and thirty-five prelingual deafness hearingimpaired children（57 girls and 78 boys） were included in the study.They were divided into three groups according to the age when receiving the first training（＞ 5 years,4 ～5 years and ＜4 years）.According to the hearing loss they were divided into two groups which were mid-severe hearing loss and ponderosity hearing loss.According to the deviation intelligence quotient（DIQ）,they were divided into three groups.The hearing-ability of the prelingual deafness hearingimpaired children before training,after six and twelve months was evaluated by the assessment method of hearing-ability according to the Hearing and Language Assessment of Hearing-impaired Children.The results were analyzed by SPSS 16.0.Results There was significant difference in rehabilitative effect between different age,different hearing loss,different DIQ and different aid hearing using time（P ＜ 0.01）.There was significant inverse correlation between age（r =-0.620）,hearing loss （r =-0.505） and hearing-ability.There was significant direct correlation between DIQ （r =0.562）,aid hearing using time（r =0.519） and hearing-ability.There was no significant effect between different gender （P ＞0.05）.Conclusions The main factors influencing the rehabilitative effect are age,hearing loss,DIQ,and aid hearing time,but gender.The younger,lower hearing-loss and higher DIQ,and longer aid hearing using time,the better the result of training will be.