江西省霾天气气候特征及其与气象条件的关系

Climatic characteristics of haze days and its relationship with meteorological conditions over Jiangxi province

利用1980—2011年江西省83个常规站和南昌、赣州两个探空站的观测资料,对江西省霾的气候特征及其与气象条件的关系进行了分析。结果表明:近32 a江西省霾日总体呈上升趋势;霾日的季节、年际和年代际变化明显,秋冬季多(12月最多)春夏季少(7月最少),4 a左右和8 a左右的年际变化周期显著,年代际变化主要为15 a左右的变化周期;江西霾日空间分布不均,呈现中北部多,南部及山区少的分布形势。霾与地面风速、大气逆温、海平面气压、降水量和相对湿度密切相关,低风速、大气逆温、高气压、高湿度和少降雨有利于霾天气的发生,反之,高风速、低气压、低湿度和多降雨不利于霾天气的发生。

Based on the observation data from 83 meteorological stations and radiosounde stations at Nanchang and Ganzhou of Jiangxi province during 1980-2011,the climate characteristics of haze days and its relationship with meteorological elements were analyzed.The results show that the haze days are in an upward trend in the past 32 years and have significant inter-annual and inter-decadal variations.A larger number of haze days occur in autumn and winter with the maximum number happened in December and smaller number appears in spring and summer with the minimum number in July,respectively.There are significant 4-year and 8-year cycles for annual haze days and 15-year cycle for inter-decadal variation.The spatial distributions of haze days are inhomogeneous in Jiangxi province with a larger number in the north and smaller in the south and mountain area.It is found that the low wind speed,temperature inversion,high pressure,high humidity and less rainfall are favourable conditions to the occurrence of haze.Conversely,the high wind speed,low pressure,low humidity and abundant rainfall are not favourable.