四川省2家二甲氧基甲烷生产企业职业流行病学调查及职业接触限值的验证

Occupational epidemiological investigation and occupational exposure limit verification of 2 dimethoxymethane manufacturing enterprises in Sichuan

目的了解工作场所中二甲氧基甲烷(DMM)暴露情况与职业人群健康状况,验证美国政府工业卫生学家协会(ACGIH)推荐的DMM职业接触限值是否适用于我国的用人单位。方法对生产企业进行职业流行病学调查,并检测工作场所空气中DMM的浓度,同时对两组人群(暴露组与对照组)进行职业健康检查、自觉症状问卷调查,分析暴露人群的健康危害。结果采集的165份空气样品中,有14份样品高于拟引进限值(3 100 mg/m3),主要分布在灌装岗位。企业现有的职业防护措施可以保护大多数职业人群健康,但有8.33%的接触者存在不同程度呼吸道和皮肤黏膜刺激症状,高暴露组异常检出率高于对照组。结论建议工作场所空气中DMM的时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA)定为3 100 mg/m3,在此阈值工作环境下,我国的DMM作业人群可以得到有效、可行的健康保护。

[ Objective ] To understand the exposed situation of dimethoxymethane （DMM） in workplace and health condition of occupational population, verify whether the occupational limit of DMM recommended by ACGIH is suitable for enterprises of our country. [ Methods] The occupational epidemiological investigation was performed and the concentration of DMM in workplace air was detected. A health examination and a health questionnaire were carried out in the two groups （ exposed and control groups ）, and the health hazards of exposed workers was analyzed. [ Results ] Among 165 air samples, 14 samples were higher than ACGIH limit （ 3 100 mg/m3 ）, and mainly distributed in filling positions. The existing occupational protection measures of enterprise could protect the health of most occupational population, but there were 8.33% exposed workers existed the mucous membrane irritation of respiratory tract and skin. The abnormal detection rate of high exposure group was higher than that of control group. [ Conclusion ] We recommend to make PC-TWA = 3 100 mg/m3 as occupational limit of DMM in workplace air. Under this threshold work envi- ronment, the workers exposed to DMM can get effective and reliable protection.