某国有造修船企业流动劳动者职业卫生状况及对策

Occupational health situation and countermeasures of migrant workers in a shipbuilding and repairing enterprise of a country

目的通过调查某国有造修船企业流动劳动者的职业卫生现状,为用人单位采取防治职业病危害措施提供科学依据。方法制订统一的职业卫生情况调查表,对流动劳动者及工作场所进行职业卫生调查。结果该企业职工总数为9 515人,接触职业危害因素员工有7 454人,其中近7 000余人为劳务流动员工。接触的职业危害因素主要为电焊烟尘、锰、金属烟尘、有机溶剂、噪声、紫外辐射、X射线等,其中电焊烟尘、锰、二甲苯、噪声都超标。2012年度,接触职业危害因素的流动劳动者有3 836人进行了职业健康检查,检查项目异常的工人数高达504人,占13.14%。结论该企业应提高企业法律意识,加强流动劳动者管理,开展职业健康促进活动,改善卫生行为,是预防流动劳动者职业病的有效途径。

[ Objective] To investigate the occupational health status of migrant workers in a shipbuilding and repairing enterprise of a country, and provide scientific evidence for employers to adopt occupational hazard control measures. [ Methods ] The unified questionnaire was adopted to investigate the occupational hygiene of migrant workers and workplaces. [ Results ] There were 9 515 workers in this enterprises, 7 454 had occupational hazards exposure, among which nearly 7 000 were migrant workers. The main occupational hazards were welding fumes, manganese, metal dust, organic solvents, noise, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, among which welding fumes, manganese, xylene and noise exceeded permitted limits. A total of 3 836 workers with occupational hazards exposure received occupational health examination, 504 （13. 14% ） were detected abnormalities. [ Conclusion] This enterprise should improve legal awareness, strengthen management of migrant workers, carry out occupational health promotion activities, im- prove health behavior which are the effective approaches to prevent occupational diseases among migrant workers.