上海市杨浦区中青年居民健康需求的调查研究

Survey on health needs in young/middle aged residents of Shanghai Yangpu District

目的对中青年居民的健康观念与健康需求进行调查,为卫生行政部门进行决策和医疗机构改善服务提供参考。方法选杨浦区殷行街道年龄在18~60岁的中青年居民2 000位,应用自行设计的调查问卷进行调查。结果共回收有效问卷1372份。调查发现,68.0%的调查对象月收入在3 000元以下,59.8%的调查对象文化程度在大学以下;51.86%的人健康投入意愿为小于100元/月;调查接受度随年龄降低而降低;87.9%的调查对象不满意就诊等候时间太长,95.2%抱怨实际就诊时间太短;总体的健康关注度为38%,且低收入者关注度明显偏低（26.1%,P〈0.05）、不关注度明显偏高（22.6%,P〈0.05）;获取健康知识的主要途径是电视（37.8%,P〈0.001）;58.7%的调查对象（P〈0.01）希望于双休日开展讲座/义诊,其中45.5%的调查对象（P〈0.01）愿意在居民小区进行;对中西药并无特别偏好;55.61%的调查对象愿意接受自费项目,且以医疗咨询为主42.33%。结论中青年居民对健康的关注度与健康投入意愿相对不足,但其健康需求相对强烈且多元。而卫生行政部门与医疗机构及其从业人员并未全面了解其健康观念与健康需求,这提示需要设计出更多、更加科学、更加全面的大样本调查,从而为改善医疗卫生服务提供指导。

Objective To survey the health needs in young/middle aged residents of Yangpu District of Shanghai.Methods A survey on health needs was conducted in 2 000 residents aged 18 to 60 from Yinxing Community of Shanghai Yangpu District with a self-designed questionnaire.Results Among2 000 questionnaires distributed,1 372 were valid.The survey indicated that most respondents were low-income and low-education residents.Most responders were willing to spend less than 100 Yuan/month for health care.87.9% interviewers were not satisfied with the long waiting time and 95.2%respondents complained about short consultation time.Regardless of income levels,overall 38%responders paid attention of health care,for low-income interviewees the rate significantly reduced to26.1%（P 0.05） and even 22.6% interviewees paid no attention of health care（P 0.05）.Television was the main source to obtain health knowledge in spite of interviewees career（37.8%,P 0.001）.Lectures and free counseling to delivery health knowledge were expected by 58.7% and45.5% interviewees in residential areas on the weekend（P 0.01）.No special preference was found in interviewees for Western or Chinese medicine.55.61% of residents were willing to accept the pay counseling,especially prior to medical consultation（42.33%）.Conclusion The health needs for young/middle aged residents are diversiform,the relevant health departments and medical institutions should be aware of their health needs and provide necessary service.