磷酸酯抗静电剂的合成及其性能

Synthesis and properties of phosphate antistatic agent

十二、十六和十八烷基磷酸酯可作为抗静电剂组分。通过单因素和正交试验，考察了脂肪醇与五氧化二磷的配料比、酯化温度、酯化时间和水解温度对产物性能的影响。十八烷基磷酸酯的优化合成工艺为：n（十八醇）：n（P2O5）=2．5：1，酯化温度80—85℃，酯化时间6h，水解温度75℃；十六烷基磷酸酯的优化合成工艺为：n（十六醇）：n（P2O5）=2．5：1，酯化温度为70℃，酯化时间4～5h，水解温度75℃；十二烷基磷酸酯的优化合成工艺为：n（十二醇）：n（P2O5）=2．3：1，酯化温度80℃，酯化时间5h，水解温度75℃。磷酸酯中单酯含量越高，抗静电性能越好。

The synthesis and related properties of antistatic agents of dodecyl, cetyl and octadecyl phosphate are discussed. The factors exerting influence on the performance of the products are investigated by single factor and orthogonal experiments, such as molar ratio of fatty alcohols to phosphorus pentoxide, hydrolysis temperature, esterification temperature and time, and the optimum synthesis process is obtained as follows： molar ratio of octadecanol to P205 of 2.5： 1, esterification at 80 - 85 ℃ for 6 h, and hydrolysis at 75℃ for octadecyl phosphate; molar ratio of cetyl alcohol to P205 of 2.5： t, esterification at 70 ℃ for 4- 5 h, and hydrolysis at 75℃ for cetyl phosphate; molar ratio of dodecyl alcohol to P205 of 2.3 ： 1, esterification at 80 ℃ for 5 h, and hydrolysis at 75 ℃ for dodecyl phosphate. The antistatic agent with higher monoester content features better antistatic property.