北太平洋柔鱼渔场时空分布与海洋环境要素的研究

Study for marine environmental elements on spatio-temporal distribution of neon flying squid in the north Pacific fishing ground

根据2010年7∽9月和2011年7∽10月“舟渔1301#”2个航次的北太平洋柔鱼渔场海上调查资料,利用渔获生产数据？海况天气数据以及同期的卫星遥感获取的海表面温度（SST）？海表盐度（SSS）及叶绿素a（Chl-a）浓度和海流等数据,分析柔鱼的中心渔场分布与海洋环境的变动关系.研究结果显示：整个调查期间渔获频次在SST和Chl-a因子上均呈正态分布,渔场高产的最适SST范围为18∽20℃,最适SSS范围为33.60‰∽34.80‰,最适Chl-a浓度范围为0.08∽0.24mg/m3,其中SST与柔鱼渔场之间有较好的匹配关系,中心渔场通常位于18∽20℃的等温线附近,且位置一般出现在冷水团和暖水团交汇区的冷水团一侧;中心渔场位于亲潮和黑潮交汇混合区的向北一侧,离交汇地带的距离较近,而且随着时间的推移,渔汛期间中心渔场的位置逐步往其向西北方向移动.总体上多个环境因子皆可作为确定潜在中心渔场的指标,但以海表水温为最佳,另外辅助寒？暖流的交汇情况以及Chl-a浓度？天气海况等因素来综合分析,判断渔场的中心位置会更准确.

The data including fish production, sea surface temperature （SST）, sea surface salinity （SSS） and Chlorophyll A （Chl-a） collected by＂1301ZhouYu＂ from July to September in 2010and between June and October in 201 land the sea current data obtained by satellite remote sensing are combined to study the effects of marine environmental elements on spatio-temporal distribution of neon flying squid in the northern Pacific fishing ground. Research shows that catch frequency on SST and Chl-a are normally distributed, and the optimal conditions for high fish production are 18-20~C for SST, 33.60%0-34.80%0 for SSS, 0.08-0.24mg/mafor Chl-a. A better match is seen between SST and fishing grounds. Productive fisheries are usually located near the 18-20~C isotherm, generally on the cold water side of the intersection between cold water and warm water masses. Center fisheries located to the north side of the pro tide and close to the Kuroshio intersection mixed zone. As time went on, the position of center fisheries moved towards the northwest direction step by step. On the whole, several environmental factors could be the index to identify potential center fisheries, but SST is the best choice. Combining this with factors such as the intersection situation of cold and warm water, Chl-a concentrations and sea weather will give more accurate prediction of the center position of fishing grounds.