三丁酸甘油酯和甘露寡糖对菊黄东方鲀生长性能、体组成及肠道健康指标的影响

Effects of Tributyrin and Mannan-Oligosaccharide on Growth Performance,Body Composition and Intestinal Health Indices of Tawny Puffer(Takifugu flavindus)

本试验旨在研究三丁酸甘油酯(TB)与甘露寡糖(MOS)对菊黄东方鲀生长性能、体组成及肠道健康指标的影响。以基础饲料作为对照,分别在基础饲料(干物质基础)中添加50 mg/kg TB、100 mg/kg TB、150 mg/kg TB、50 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS、100 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS,配制成5种试验饲料。试验选取初始体重为(15.99±0.15)g的菊黄东方鲀360尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾。试验期为8周。结果表明:菊黄东方鲀的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率随着TB添加量的增加先升高,在添加量为100 mg/kg时达到最大值,而后趋于平稳。与50 mg/kg TB组相比,50 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS组菊黄东方鲀的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著升高(P<0.05)。此外,50 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS组的增重率显著高于100 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS组(P<0.05)。联合添加组的肝胰腺粗脂肪含量均显著高于对应添加量的单独添加组(P<0.05),肝糖原含量则均显著低于对应添加量的单独添加组(P<0.05),且以100 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS组的肝糖原含量最低。50 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS组的肠道蛋白酶活力显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。50 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS组与50 mg/kg TB组相比,血清总蛋白和葡萄糖含量均显著升高(P<0.05),血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力显著降低(P<0.05)。对于肠道需氧异养细菌数量,50 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS组与50 mg/kg TB组相比显著增加(P<0.05),100 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS组与100 mg/kg TB组相比则显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,50 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS组的肠道弧菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),肠道乳酸菌数量显著升高(P<0.05)。联合添加组的前肠和后肠绒毛高度和宽度均高于对应添加量的单独添加组,但二者间差异未达显著水平(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加50 mg/kg TB+250 mg/kg MOS可维护菊黄东方鲀的肠道健康,增强肠道消化酶活力,提高饲料效率和生长性能。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of tributyrin（ TB）and mannan-oligosac-charides（ MOS ） on growth performance,body composition and intestinal health indices of tawny puffer （ Takifugu flavindus）. A basal diet was formulated as control,and 5 experimental diets were formulated by adding 50 mg/kg TB,100 mg/kg TB,150 mg/kg TB,50 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS and 100 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS in the basal diet,respectively. A total of 360 tawny puffer with an initial body weight of （15.99±0.15）g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain rate（ WGR）,specific growth rate（ SGR）, feed efficiency（ FE）and protein efficiency ratio（ PER）of tawny puffer were firstly increased with the TB supplemental level increasing,and the biggest values of them were all found in 100 mg/kg group,and then changed to be steady. Compared with 50 mg/kg TB group,the WGR,SGR,FE and PER of tawny puffer in 50 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS group were significantly increased（ P〈0. 05 ）. Moreover,the WGR in 50 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS group was significantly higher than that in 100 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS group（P〈0.05）. Hepatopancreas crude lipid content in combined adding groups was significantly increased compared with single adding groups with the same TB supplemental level（ P〈0.05）,while the hepaticglyco-gen content was significantly decreased（ P〈0. 05 ）,and the lowest value was found in 100 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS group. Intestinal protease activity in 50 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS group was significantly higher than that in other groups（ P〈0.05）. Compared with 50 mg/kg TB group,serum total protein and glu-cose contents were significantly increased（ P〈0.05）,while serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glu-tamic-pyruvic transaminase activities were significantly decreased（ P〈0.05）. The number of intestinal aerobic marine heterotrophic bacteria in 50 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS group was significantly increased compared with 50 mg/kg TB group（ P〈0.05）,while that in 100 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS group was significantly decreased compared with 100 mg/kg TB group（ P〈0.05）. Compared with control group,the number of intes-tinal Vibrio spp. in 50 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS group was significantly increased（ P〈0.05）,while the number of intestinal Lactobacillus was significantly decreased（ P〈0.05）. Villus height and width of proximal and distal intestines in combined adding groups were all higher than those in single adding groups with the same TB supplemental level,but the differences were not significant（ P〉0. 05 ）. The results indicate that adding 50 mg/kg TB＋250 mg/kg MOS in the diet can maintenance the intestinal health,strength the intestinal diges-tive activities and increase the growth performance of tawny puffer.