葡萄原花青素与小麦型饲粮对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫机能的组合效应

Combination Effects between Grape Procyandins and Wheat-Based Diet on Growth Performance and Immunity of Broiler Chicks

本试验旨在研究葡萄原花青素（ GPC）与小麦型饲粮对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的组合效应。选用240只1日龄科宝-500（ Cobb-500）健康肉仔鸡（公雏），随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只，分别饲喂添加0（对照）、7．5、15．0和30．0 mg/kg GPC的小麦-豆粕型饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明：1）GPC与小麦饲粮的组合显著降低1～42日龄肉仔鸡的平均日采食量和料重比（ P＜0．05），7．5、15．0 mg/kg GPC组合组效应好，可显著改善22～42日龄料重比（ P＜0．05）；2）7．5 mg/kg GPC 组合组肉仔鸡42日龄的胸腺指数显著提高（ P＜0．05），30．0 mg/kg GPC组合组21日龄胸腺指数和42日龄胸腺指数、脾脏指数显著提高（ P＜0．05）；3）7．5 mg/kg GPC组合组饲粮对肉仔鸡42日龄胸腺依赖性淋巴细胞（ T细胞）和囊依赖淋巴细胞（ B细胞）体外增殖有显著促进作用（ P＜0．05），15．0、30．0 mg/kg GPC组合组42日龄T、B细胞转化率显著提高（ P＜0．05）；4）7．5 mg/kg GPC组合组肉仔鸡21日龄外周血γδ T细胞亚群比例有提高的趋势（P＞0．05），42日龄单核吞噬细胞吞噬指数显著提高（P＜0．05）；5）15．0 mg/kg GPC组合组肉仔鸡21、42日龄血清溶菌酶浓度显著提高（ P＜0．05）；30．0 mg/kg GPC组合组肉仔鸡21日龄血清溶菌酶浓度极显著提高（ P＜0．01），同时肉仔鸡42日龄廓清指数和吞噬指数显著降低（ P＜0．05）。因此，7．5～15．0 mg/kg GPC与小麦型饲粮组合效应较佳，可改善肉仔鸡生长性能，提高免疫机能。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of combination effects between grape procyandins（ GPC）and wheat-based diet on growth performance and immunity in broiler chicks. A total of 240 healthy male broiler chicks（ Cobb-500）at 1-day-old with an average body weight were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group,and 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks were fed a basal wheat-soybean meal diet supplemented with 0（ control group）,7.5,15.0 and 30.0 mg/kg GPC,respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows：1 ） the combination between GPC and wheat-based diet significantly reduced average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio during 1 to 42 days of age（ P〈0.05）. Feed to gain ratio of 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg GPC combined groups significantly decreased during 1 to 42 days of age（ P〈0.05）. 2）The thymus index of broiler chicks was significantly increased in 7.5 mg/kg GPC combined group at 42 days of age（ P〈0.05）,and the thymus index of broiler chicks at 21 and 42 days of age and spleen index of broiler chicks at 42 days of age were significantly improved in 30. 0 mg/kg GPC combined group（P〈0.05）. 3）Proliferation of thymus dependent lymphocyte（T cell）and bursa dependent lymphocyte（ B cell）were significant improved of broiler chicks at 42 days of age in 7. 5 mg/kg GPC com-bined group,while T and B lymphocyte transformation rate of broiler chicks at 42 days of age were significant-ly improved in 15.0 and 30.0 mg/kg GPC combined groups,respectively（ P〈0.05）. 4）In 7.5 mg/kg GPC combined group,the ratio of γδ T lymphocyte in peripheral blood of broiler chicks at 21 days of age had in-creased trend（ P〉0.05）,and phagocytic index of mononuclear phagocyte system of broiler chicks at 42 days of age significantly increased（ P〈0.05）. 5）Serum lysozyme concentration of broiler chicks at 21 and 42 days of age were both significantly increased in 15.0 mg/kg GPC combined group（ P〈0.05）,while serum lyso-zyme content of broiler chicks at 21 days of age was significantly increased in 30. 0 mg/kg GPC combined group（ P〈0.01）and clearance index and phagocytic index of broiler chicks at 42 days of age were significant-ly decreased in 30.0 mg/kg GPC combined group（ P〈0.05）. In conclusion,wheat-based diet supplemented with 7.5 to 15.0 mg/kg GPC can improve growth performance and immunity in broiler chicks.