温度、饵料质量对不同规格刺参摄食率、吸收效率的影响

Effects of water temperatures and diets quality on the ingestion rate of different size Apostichopus japonicas

为了解刺参摄食的生理生态学特性，本实验在室内模拟研究了不同体质量刺参[A（4．77±0．95）g、B（15．12±1．14）g、C（34．77±7．95）g、D（78．13±4．99）g]的有机物摄食率、吸收效率分别对饵料质量[Ⅰ（100％海泥）、Ⅱ（88％海泥＋12％海带粉）、Ⅲ（76％海泥＋24％海带粉）、Ⅳ（64％海泥＋36％海带粉）]及温度[（5．1±0．4）、（10．9±0．7）、（12．5±0．6）、（14．2±0．7）和（16．1±0．6）℃]变化的响应。结果表明，摄食率（OIR）与饵料质量（OC）回归方程为OIR=a×OC／（OC＋b），其中a、b分别为最大摄食率与半饱和常数；双因素方差分析结果显示，饵料质量、体质量对刺参摄食影响极显著，而二者交互作用对其影响不显著。与温度（7’）的关系为OIR=c×T2＋d×T＋e，c=-（0．0075-0．0164）、d=0．298-0．769、e=-（0．742-1．977）；水温、体质量对刺参摄食均有显著影响；而其交互作用对摄食率的影响极显著，对吸收效率则不显著。饵料质量、温度和初始体质量（ww）组合双因子与摄食率的关系分另I为OIR=12．55×WW-0.361＋7．92×OC／（OC＋4．373）-4．70，OIR=2．2×WW-0.384＋0．033×WW-0.384×T2＋0．077×T。协方差分析表明，其相关系数呈极显著水平。本研究量化了刺参摄食率与饵料质量、水温、体质量之间的相关关系，并初步掌握了有机物摄食率的变化规律。

Sea ranching has become one of important ways to mariculture sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas. As economic deposit feeder species, the sea cucumber has shown promise of removing and recycling the organic materials in the sediment and can play an important ecological role in the maricultural ecosystem. In order to understand the feeding eco-physiological characteristics of sea cucumber A. japonicas, feeding behaviors of different sizes of the sea cucumber at different temperature and feed quality conditions were observed. In this paper,the sea cucumbers were divided into 4 experimental groups by the wet weight. The feeds with different organic contents were got by mixing different ratios of kelp powder and sea mud. 5 temperature levels,i, e. （5.1 ± 0.4） ,（10.9 ±0.7）,（12.5 ±0.6）,（14.2 ±0.7） ,（16.1 ±0.6）℃ were set. The results showed that OC and body weight ,had significant influence on the ingestion rate of A. japonicas ,however, the interaction of OC, WW had no significant influence on it. The relationship between ingestion rate（OIR） and organic content of feed（OC） could be described as OIR = a × OC/（ OC ＋ b ）, where a, b represented OIR half-saturation constant, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between OIR and water temperature （T） could be described as OIR = c × T2 ＋ d × T ＋ e, c = - （0.007 5 - 0.016 4）,d = 0. 298 - 0.769, e = - （0.742 - 1. 977 ）. Water temperature （ T）, wet weight （WW） had a significant influence on feeding behavior of A. japonicas. The interaction also had a significant influence on OIR,but not on AE. In addition, stepwise regression got the relationship of OIR T, WW or OIR OC, WW as follows ： OIR = 12.55 × WW- 0.361 ＋ 7.92 × OC/（ OC ＋ 4.373 ） - 4.70 or OIR = 2.2 × WW- 0.384 ＋ 0.033 × WW- 0 384 × T2＋ 0.077 × T respectively. The covariance analysis results showed that the correlation coefficient of the equations reached a significant level. The results suggested that water temperature and food quality were the key factors affecting the feeding ability of the sea cucumber. Through this experiment, we got the necessary parameters for capacity assessment model, such as maximum feeding rate and half-saturation constant of feeding, which will further help to set up the carrying capacity model of sea cucumber farming.