皂角苷对大菱鲆非特异免疫的增强作用

Effect of saponin on non-specific immunity of turbot( Scophthamus maximus)

为评价皂角苷增强鱼类非特异免疫效果，分别用浓度为0、15和35mg／L的皂角苷浸泡大菱鲆，分析了浸泡后6、12、24、48和72h时大菱鲆白细胞的吞噬活力、血清补体旁路途径溶血活性、血清与黏液中溶菌酶活性、抑菌活性与碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性及血清总蛋白浓度。结果显示，皂角苷低浓度组（15mg／L）与高浓度组（35mg／L）大菱鲆白细胞吞噬活力分别在浸泡后12与24h出现显著的增高（P〈0．05）。实验组大菱鲆血清中补体旁路途径溶血活性除低浓度组在12与24h较对照组低外，其他检测时段均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。血清溶菌酶活性最高值出现在低浓度组浸泡后6h时，黏液中未能检测出。不同时间点各组大菱鲆黏液抑菌活力变化幅度较大，两实验组黏液抑菌活力在浸泡后6与12h时较对照组提高，两个实验组间无差异（P〉0．05）。血清中AKP活力高峰值出现在浸泡后6与12h，该时段AKP的活力显著高于对照组，且实验组间存在差异（P〈0．05），而黏液中AKP高峰值出现在12h，该时段AKP的活力显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），实验组间无差异。浸泡皂角苷后6h高浓度组血清中蛋白浓度达到最高值，除12h时各组差异不显著外（P〉0．05），24-72h高浓度组中血清蛋白含量均高于低浓度及对照组（P〈0．05）。研究表明，皂角苷具有提高鱼类非特异免疫水平的效果。

In order to evaluate the effect of saponin, extracted from Quillaja saponaria, on non-specific immunity of turbot Scophthalrnus maxirnus, fish was immersed in seawater containing saponin at concentration of 0, 15 and 35 mg/L respectively for 1 h. No-specific immune parameters including leukocytes phagocytic activity, ACHS0 and total protein of serum, activiies of lysozyme, antibacterial and AKP in serum and skin mucus were analyzed 6,12,24,48 and 72 h after the treatment. The results show that the leukocyte phagocytic activity in the lower concentration group （ 15 rag/L） at 12 h and in the higher concentration group（35 rag/L）at 24 h was significantly higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. ACHS0 in two treatment groups at each testing time were significantly higher than that in control group except the ACH50 in the lower concentration group at 12 h and 24 h （P 〈 0.05）. The highest lysozyme activities in serum appeared in the lower concentration group at 6 h,but no ACHS0 could be detected in skin mucus. Antibacterial activity in each group changed with time, but it was improved obviously in the two treatment groups at 6 h and 12 h after the immersion, also no difference between the higher and lower saponin groups（ P 〉 0.05 ）. Antibacterial activity in serum was too low to be detected. AKP activity of serum in two treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the control at 6 and 12 h respectively （ P 〈 0.05）, furthermore,obvious differences were found between the two treatment groups. AKP activity of skin mucus in two treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the control at 12 h （P 〈 0.05 ）, but no differences were found between the two treatment groups （P 〉 0. 05 ）. Serum total protein in higher concentration group reached the highest value at 6 h, then came to the same level with low concentration group and control group at 12 h. From 24 to 72 h, serum total protein in higher concentration group was remarkably higher than that in the lower concentration and control group. The results indicate that saponin could enhance the non-specific immunity of turbot.