广东惠东白盆珠水库中华秋沙鸭越冬群体监测

Population of Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus) Wintering at Huidong Baipenzhu Reservoir,Guangdong

中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)是典型的森林溪流生态系统的指示种,鲜有在人工水体大群越冬的报道。2007年9月至2013年3月,连续6年在广东白盆珠水库发现其越冬群体。监测结果如下:1)中华秋沙鸭最早可于9月底到达白盆珠水库,在翌年3月陆续迁离,居留时间最短为3个月左右,最长为6个月左右;2)2007～2009年,其最大群体数量基本保持稳定,均为31只;2009～2013年,数量逐年减少,最少时为12只;3)其活动区域较稳定,皆在白盆珠水库的打锣岽附近,活动范围100.01～180.90 hm2,该位置水体宽阔,水质洁净,受外界干扰少。我们认为,水库拥有较理想的自然栖息环境和保护区有效管理是中华秋沙鸭在此越冬的关键因素;为了进一步加强对中华秋沙鸭的保护力度,建议将白盆珠水库打锣岽附近区域划为广东省惠东莲花山白盆珠省级自然保护区核心区。

Scaly-sided Merganser（ Mergus squamatus） is a typical indicator species of forest stream ecosystem,and rarely reported in large open water surface. A population of M. squamatus wintering in the Huidong Baipenzhu Reservoir in Guangdong Province had been continuously monitored from Sep. 2007 to Mar. 2013.The results are as follows： 1） M. squamatus arrived at the end of September and left in March of the next year,they stayed here for 3 to 6 months; 2） the largest population size remained stable from 2007 to 2009（ 31 in each year）,but reduced year after year from 2009 to 2013（ only 12 in 2013）; 3） Scaly-sided Merganser mainly occurred nearby the Daluodong in the reservoir. Their active range was between 100. 01 hm2 and 180. 90hm2 where with large open water surface,cleaned water and less-disturbed by people. This reservoir is inside of a nature reserve. The suitable environment effective management measures could be the reason for Scaly-sided Merganser wintering here. We propose to indlude the Daluodong region into the core zone in the Lianhuashan-Baipenzhu Provincial Nature Reserve.