肌肉骨骼超声探测颈椎钩椎关节方法的初步建立

Using ultrasound for assessing cervical Luschka＇s joint problems

目的 建立肌肉骨骼超声（MSUS）观察及测量颈椎钩椎关节的方法,阐明钩椎关节及其比邻结构尤其是椎动脉（VA）在MSUS下的定位及表现.方法 在人颈部骨骼和尸体标本上,采用PhilipsiU22彩色多普勒超声诊断仪的5- 12 MHz的高频线阵探头指引钩椎关节和VA,明确钩椎关节和VA在MSUS下的定位.然后再检测颈椎病患者,观察人体上钩椎关节及其周围结构的MSUS表现,同时评估钩椎关节有无横向增生,探索MSUS测量增生钩椎关节的方法.结果 患者取平卧位,颈后垫高约15 cm,头偏向检查对侧45°,探头置于颈根部胸锁乳突肌内侧,显示颈总动脉纵切面后稍向外侧移动可见椎动脉起始段,向上延续观察椎动脉至穿入横突孔,再稍向上在两个横突的强回声之间微动探头即可观察到钩椎关节和VA.MSUS下,钩椎关节位于两个横突之间（即两椎体侧后缘之间椎间盘的外侧）,钩突外侧缘与椎体侧后缘回声相延续成一条直线,前方紧邻椎动脉,当钩椎关节横向增生时,钩突外侧缘则超出该条直线.此时选择测量其横径,即以通过上下颈椎椎体外缘的切线为基线,测量钩突最外侧点到该基线的垂直距离.结论 MSUS能够清晰显示钩椎关节及其与VA的关系,可用于评估钩椎关节有无横向增生,并测量增生的大小.

Objective To test using musculoskeletal ultrasound （MSUS） to observe uncovertebral joints （UJs） and to explain the ultrasound images of UJs and their adjacent tissues,especially the vertebral artery （VA）.Methods MSUS was used first with human skeletons and cadavers to localize the UJs and VA on the MSUS images with the aid of implanted needles.MSUS was then used with a patient clinically diagnosed with cervical spondylosis of the vertebral artery type （CSA） to detail the image of a normal UJ and its relationship with the adjacent tissues,especially the VA.Whether there was a lateral spur from the uncinate process （UP） was assessed to try to establish a method for measuring osteophytes.Results During the examination the patient was in supine,the neck was elevated 15cm with a pillow and was at 45 degrees of rotation to the contralateral side.The probe was placed at the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.When the longitudinal section of the common carotid artery was shown,the probe was slowly moved laterally until the VA first appeared,and then was moved up along the VA.Once the VA entered the transverse foramen,moving the probe slightly allowed the UJ behind the VA to be seen between two transverse processes.The UJ thus lies between two transverse processes,that is,between the lateral margins of two vertebral bodies and outside the intervertebral disc.The echo of the lateral border of the UP is on a straight line with the echo of the lateral margin of the vertebral body,with the VA in front of the line.It was noticed that the image of a UP with lateral osteophyte formation crossed the line and reached closer to the VA.The transverse diameter of the UJ was measured as the distance from a line cutting the lateral cortical margin of the cervical vertebra to the outer cortical margin of the lateral UP.Conclusion MSUS can clearly show the UJ and its adjacent tissues,especially the VA.It can be used to assess and measure UJs with lateral osteophyte formation.