纳米粒子在消化道肿瘤诊断中的应用

Application of nanoparticle in digestive tumor diagnosis

纳米粒子具有特异性好和敏感性高的特点,利用纳米粒子的这些特性,结合现代影像学技术,如:核磁共振、光学荧光成像、断层成像和光学相关断层成像,可以敏感地检测到胃肠肿瘤细胞,对淋巴结进行准确筛查,对胃肠肿瘤微环境进行检测,从而实现胃肠道肿瘤的早期诊断和准确分期。目前临床研究和应用较多的纳米粒子有:超顺磁氧化铁、量子点、单碳纳米管、纳米笼等。这篇综述介绍了这些纳米粒子如何应用于现代影像技术,帮助消化道肿瘤的早期特异性诊断。

Nanoparticles have characters of high specificity and sensitivity,which could be combined to image technology（such as magnatic resonance imaging（MRI）, optical fluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography（OCT）,computed tomography（CT）, ect） to detect tumor cell sensitively, screen lymph gland accurately, the microenvironment of tumor and implement early diagnosis of digestive tumor. Several nanopartcles were applied in clinic, including uhrasmall superparamagntiec iron oxide（USPIO）, quantumm dots（QDs）, single walled carbon nanotube（SWCNT）, nanocage, nanoshell and iodine nanoparticles. This review describes how these nanoparticles are applicated in modern imaging techniques to help the specific diagnosis of digestive tract tumor.