右侧腋下直切口在小儿干下型室间隔缺损修补术中的应用

Minimal Right Vertical Infra-axillary Incision for Subarterial Ventricular Septal Defect Closure in Children

目的总结经右侧腋下直切口修补小儿干下型室间隔缺损的临床结果及手术经验,探讨此技术的可行性。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2013年1月郑州大学第一附属医院27例干下型室间隔缺损经右侧腋下直切口行手术治疗的临床资料,其中男20例、女7例,年龄1.1~11.0（4.4±2.8）岁,体重7.6~28.0（14.6±5.3）kg。全身麻醉成功后,患者取左侧90°卧位,沿腋中线在第3肋骨上缘和第5肋骨下缘之间做垂直切口,经第4肋间进胸,沿膈神经前2 cm纵向切开心包并悬吊,升主动脉及上、下腔静脉分别插管建立体外循环。经肺动脉纵切口补片修补缺损。体外循环结束后,拔除主动脉插管,间断缝合心包,经第6肋间置胸腔引流管。于术后3个月、6个月和/或12个月随访,了解患者家属满意度,复查胸部X线片、心电图和超声心动图等。结果经右侧腋下直切口顺利完成手术,无操作困难,无需延长手术切口或改变手术切口类型。无围手术期死亡,无二次开胸止血、术后肺不张、肺部感染、胸腔积液、中枢神经系统损害、膈神经损伤、切口愈合不良或切口感染和心包积液等并发症发生。胸部切口长度4.4~7.0（5.07±0.66）cm。出院前复查超声心动图提示无残余分流。所有患儿均得到随访,分别于术后3个月、6个月和/或12个月经门诊或电话随访。随访期间无死亡患儿,未见室间隔缺损残余分流,未见胸廓不对称。随访时见胸部切口长度短,位于腋窝下,隐蔽美观,所有患儿家属对此切口满意。结论经右侧腋下直切口修补小儿干下型室间隔缺损具有可行性和安全性,且其诸多优点能使干下型室间隔缺损患儿受益。

Objective To summarize clinical results and experience of subarterial ventricular septal defect （sVSD） closure through a minimal right vertical infra-axillary incision in children, and evaluate the feasibility of this technique. Methods Clinical data of 27 sVSD patients who underwent surgical repair through a minimal right vertical infra-axillary incision from March 2009 to January of 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. There were 20 male and 7 female patients with their age of 1.1-11.0 （4.4 ±2.8 ） years and body weight of 7.6-28.0 （ 14.6 ± 5.3 ）kg. After induction of anesthesia, the patients were placed in a 90 degree left lateral position. The incision was performed along fight midaxillary line vertically between the superior border of the third rib and inferior border of the fifth rib. The thoracic cavity was entered through the fourth intercostal space. The pericardium was opened 2 cm anterior to the phrenic nerve and suspended to elevate the heart and great vessels by the pericardial traction sutures. Cardiopulmonary bypass （ CPB ） was established after cannulation of the ascending aorta, superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. Closure of sVSD was performed through longitudinal pulmonary incision. After procedures under CPB finished, the aortic cannula was removed and the pericardium was closed with interrupted sutures. The thoracic drainage tube was placed through the sixth intercostal space. All the patients were followed up 3, 6 and/or 12 months after surgery. Satisfactory degree of the patients and their relatives were evaluated. Chest X-ray, electrocardiography and echocardiography were examined. Results Surgical repair of sVSD was performed in all the patients through this incision without any difficulty, incision prolongation or conversion to another incision. There was no in-hospital death, reexploration for bleeding, postoperative atelectasis, pulmonary infection, pleural effusion, impairment of central nervous system, phrenic nerve damage, poor wound healing, wound infection or pericardial effusion. Incision length was 4.4-7.0 （5.07±0.66） cm. Echocardiography before discharge showed no residual shunt in all the patients. All the patients were followed up 3, 6 and/or 12 months at the outpatient department or via the phone. During follow-up, there was no late death, residual shunt or chest asymmetry. The short incision under the armpit was obscured and provided favorable cosmetic results. All the patients and their relatives were satisfied with the cosmetic results. Conclusion Repair of sVSD through a minimal right vertical infra-axillary incision is feasible and safe for children. The advantages of this technique are favorable for children with sVSD.