竖炉法冶炼含Cr和Ni的铁水试验研究

Experimental Study on Smelting of Molten Iron Containing Cr and Ni in Method of Shaft Furnace

基于竖炉工艺,以不锈钢除尘灰、铁鳞、红土镍矿、铁精矿和铬矿为主要原料,采用小型试验竖炉进行高温冶炼模拟试验,探索竖炉工艺冶炼含Cr和Ni的铁水的可行性。研究结果表明:采用竖炉法处理不锈钢除尘灰,能实现除尘灰中Fe,Cr和Ni等有价元素的回收。Ni元素基本上全部进入铁水,其回收率高达99.80%,Cr的回收率也可达到95.82%。竖炉全红土矿冶炼含Cr和Ni的铁水是可行的,而且将红土镍矿球团和不锈钢除尘灰球团搭配入炉,不仅可充分回收Fe,Cr和Ni等元素,还可减少渣量、降低焦比。竖炉采用铬矿配加铁精矿球团和铁鳞球团冶炼含Cr铁水时,铁水中Cr质量分数可达到17.5%,最高可达20.48%,Cr回收率稍低,为87.15%,但有进一步提高的可能;随着铁水中Si含量的增加,Cr的回收率逐渐提高,磷的分配比逐渐减低;当铁水Si质量分数从1.38%提高到3.73%时,Cr的回收率和磷的分配比变化不大。

High temperature smelting simulation tests were conducted in a small experimental shaft furnace with the main material of stainless steel dust,iron scale,laterite nickel ore,iron concentrate and chrome ore in order to ex-plore the feasibility of smelting molten iron containing Cr and Ni with the method of shaft furnace.The results show that Fe,Cr,Ni and other valuable elements can be recycled when taking the process of shaft furnace to smelt the stainless steel dust,and nearly all of the Ni content turned into the molten iron with the recovery rate of 99.80 %, and the recovery rate of Cr reached 95.82 %.The technology of smelting molten iron containing Cr and Ni in shaft furnace all with laterite nickel ore is feasible,and smelting the laterite nickel ore pellets with stainless steel dust pellets can not only recycle adequately the element of Fe,Cr and Ni,but also reduce the quantity of slag and coke ratio. When smelting the chrome ore with iron concentrate pellets and iron scale pellets to produce the molten iron contai-ning Cr,the content of Cr in molten iron reached 17.5 %and the highest content of Cr achieved 20.48%;the corre-sponding recovery rate of Cr was 87.15% which was not very high but had the possibility of improving further. With the increase of Si content in molten iron,recovery rate of Cr raised gradually and distribution ratio of P decreased.But after the content of Si increased from 1.38 % to 3.73 %,the recovery rate of Cr and distribution ratio of P changed little.