对车损险中被保险人从第三方获得的赔偿金额扣减问题研究——2012年行业协会车损险示范条款赔款计算公式的分析与修正

Studies on Disposition of the Reparations Obtained by the Insured from the Third Parties——Analysis and Amendment of the Formula for Vehicle Loss Indemnity in the“Association Model for Commercial Vehicle Insurance Terms 2012”

本文梳理了被保险人从第三方获得赔款的来源,界定了其中不应当扣减的部分与应当扣减的部分,论证了不同扣减方法的差异;提出了保险人是否做到了"足额赔偿"和被保险人一方是否存在"不正当得利",不应当以保险人支付的赔款与保险标的的损失的比较为判断依据,而应当以保险人支付的赔款与其应当支付的赔款或被保险人应当得到的保险赔款的比较为判断依据的观点。本文认为对被保险人一方从第三方获得的赔偿金额中应当扣除的部分采用"先减"的方法予以扣减,会使被保险人一方不正当得利,违背补偿原则。在此基础上,笔者按"后减"法对2012年协会车损险示范条款保险赔款的计算公式作了修正。

This paper combed the sources of reparations obtained by the insured from the third parties, distinguished between the deductible parts and the non-deductible parts, and demonstrated the differences between different methods of deduction. The paper drew a conclusion that the judgment about whether the insurer fully indemnified and whether the insured party unfairly profited should not be based on the comparison of the insurer＇s actual payment amount with the actual amount of loss of the insurance object, but should be based on the comparison of the insurer＇s actual payment amount with the amount the insurer should pay or the amount the insured should be paid for. This article believed that if the amount of reparation from the third party was deducted by the ＂pre-deduction＂ method, it would cause the insured party unfair profits, which was contrary to the principle of indemnity. On this basis, the author modified the formula for indemnity of the ＂Association Model for Commercial Vehicle Insurance Terms 2012＂ according to the ＂post-deduction＂ method.