心理创伤的本体论—基于海德格尔的现象学

The Ontology of Psychological Trauma--Based on Heideggerian Phenomenology

对心理创伤进行本质性的考察应该从本体论的角度出发。本文主要依据海德格尔的现象学思想以及针对以往研究的批判提出,创伤者在经历创伤事件之后的存在视域发生重构,使得创伤者在存在上处于一种决断状态,生存方式由日常存在转变为向无存在。从创伤修复的悖论可看出,创伤的本质是异化的创伤。由此反思可知,人类生存的含混性和矛盾性决定了创伤的不可避免性,而创伤的治疗应该在异化与去异化的交互作用之中达到修通。

The essential examination to psychological trauma should be put in the ontological perspective. Based on the Heideggerian phenomenology and the criticisms of previous studies, this paper presents that the horizon of a person will be reconstructed after experiencing traumatic event, which put the person with trauma into the status of resoluteness in ontological level and the one＇s existence will be converted from the average way to being-towards-nothing.According to the paradox of the healing of trauma, it can be inferred that the essence of trauma is the alienation. Therefore, through reflection, the ambiguousness and contradictoriness of human existence determine the inevitableness of trauma and the goal of traumatic treatment is working through by the interaction between alienation and de-alienation.