具有多方向生物力学逼真特性的碰撞假人胸部集总参数建模

Development of a lumped-mass dummy chest model with multi-directional biofidelity

针对现有假人仅限于有限的特定碰撞方向应用的不足,提出了一种可同时满足正向(0°)、侧向(90°)和斜向(60°)动力响应生物力学逼真度的假人胸部概念模型,使用弹簧阻尼单元模拟人体胸部不同方向的粘弹性动态力学响应特性,对人体尸体(PMHS)胸部正向、侧向和斜向力学响应进行了1维集总参数动力学模拟,及2维3方向耦合假人胸部有限元模型构建及参数优化。结果表明:满足多方向力学响应的概念假人胸部方案是可行的,所建立的多方向耦合胸部数字模型是可靠的,该模型能够用于包含斜向碰撞在内的多种碰撞工况下的乘员胸部伤害风险研究。

Existing crash test dummies are commonly designed to work in a specific loading direction.Without validation of their responses in other directions,say with oblique forces,the use of such dummies to evaluate injury risks of occupants in complex loading conditions is questionable.This paper describes a conceptual dummy thorax structure which can function in pure frontal,pure lateral and oblique 60°loading directions by properly positioning spring-damper modules inside the thorax structure.The dynamic behavior of the thorax to these three different directions is simulated using lumped-mass spring damper models and by building a simplified two-dimensional finite element dummy chest model that couples all three directions.The results show that the dummy thorax model can work in multiple loading directions.The validated mathematical model is reliable,with potential to be used in thorax injury studies for multiple/complex crash loading conditions,including oblique impact.