4周高住低练对女子赛艇运动员免疫功能的影响

Effects of 4-weeks Living Low-Training High on the Immune Function of Chinese Female Rowers

目的：探讨4周高往低练（HiLo）对女子赛艇运动员免疫功能的影响。方法：12名优秀女子赛艇运动员被分为HiLo组（n=6）和LoLo组（n=6）。HiLo组每周进行6天低氧睡眠（氧分压为15.4%）,每次10~12小时,共4周,其余时间在正常环境中进行生活和训练;LoLo组在常氧环境生活和训练。分别在训练前4天（调整休息后）,训练中第1周末、第2周末、第4周末和训练后的第1周末、第2周末测定γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、穿孔素（PFR）mRNA表达;淋巴细胞亚群CD4＋、CD8＋和NK细胞数;免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA和IgM含量;白细胞分类计数。结果：两组运动员IL-4 mRNA均呈上升趋势（P〈0.05）,训练后1周恢复至训练前水平。HiLo组从训练第1周开始,INF-γmRNA和INF-γ/IL-4即显著下降（P〈0.01）,直至第4周,训练后1周恢复至训练前水平;LoLo组虽下降,但无显著变化（P〉0.05）。HiLo组训练第1周PFR mRNA显著下降（P〈0.05）,第2周恢复至训练前水平,并保持至训练后1周。（2）HiLo组CD4＋和CD4＋/CD8＋呈逐渐上升趋势,训练第2周达最大值（P〈0.05）并保持至第4周（P〈0.05）,训练后1周恢复至训练前水平;LoLo组无显著性变化;两组CD8＋无显著变化。（3）HiLo组NK细胞于训练第1周即开始显著下降并持续至训练后2周（P〈0.01）;第2和第4周,HiLo组显著低于LoLo组（P〈0.05）。（4）HiLo组IgG训练第1、2周保持不变,第4周显著升高（P〈0.001）,并保持至训练后1周（P〈0.01）,训练后2周恢复到训练前水平;LoLo组训练中呈下降趋势,第2周下降至最低点（P〈0.05）,第4周基本恢复至训练前水平。HiLo组IgA训练第1周即显著升高（P〈0.01）,并保持至第4周,训练后1周恢复至训练前水平。两组IgM表现出同样的变化规律,即先上升,后逐渐下降,然后再上升,训练后再下降。（5）HiLo组淋巴细胞和单核细胞数量下降（P〈0.05）,而粒细胞数却大幅上升（P〈0.05）;LoLo组无显著变化（P〉0.05）。结论：4周HiLo对优秀女子赛艇运动员免疫机能造成一定抑制,但并无明显影响。

Objective To observe the change in immune functions during the process of living hightraining low（HiLo）.Methods 12 female rowers from Shanghai Rowing Team participated in this research and they were divided into two groups： HiLo group（n=6,sleeping in hypoxic room containing 15.4% of O2,10~12 hours/day,6 days/week,and training in the normoxic environment for 4 weeks）and LoLo group （n=6,living and training in the normoxic environment）.Before HiLo,and at the 1st week,2nd week,and4 th week of HiLo,and at the 1st week and 2nd week after HiLo,the interleukin 4（IL-4）and interferon-γ（INF-γ）mRNA in cytokine,and perforin（PFR）mRNA were measured by PCR;the CD4＋,CD8＋and natural killer（NK）were by flow cytometer;and IgG,IgA and IgM,WBC,lymphocytes（LYM）%,monocytes（MO）% and granulocytes（GRAN）% by automated cell counter.Independent-sample t-test and two-way ANOVA with SPSS 11.0 statistical software were used for statistical analysis.Results（1）The level of IL-4 mRNA was significantly higher than that before experiment in the two groups（P 〈 0.05）and returned to the baseline 1 week after the experiment.The INF-γmRNA and INF-γ/IL-4 in HiLo group decreased significantly from the 1st to the 4th week of HiLo and then returned to the baseline,while they changed insignificantly in LoLo group（P 〉 0.05）.PFRmRNA in HiLo group decreased significantly in the 1st week of HiLo and returned to the baseline from the 2nd week of HiLo to the 2nd week after HiLo,while they changed insignificantly in LoLo group（P 〉 0.05）.（2）The CD4＋and CD4＋/CD8＋in HiLo group elevated gradually,and reached their maximum from the 2nd to the 4th week of HiLo（P 〈 0.05）,while they changed insignificantly in LoLo group（P 〉 0.05）.（3）The NK decreased significantly in HiLo group（P 〈 0.01）,while changed insignificantly in LoLo group（P 〉 0.05）.（4）The IgG in HiLo group increased significantly from the 4th week of HiLo to the 1st week after HiLo（P 〈 0.001）and returned to the baseline 2 weeks after HiLo.The IgG in LoLo group tended to decrease and reached to its minimum in the 2nd week of experiment（P 〈 0.05）,then returned to the baseline in the 4th week after HiLo.The IgA significantly increased from the 1st week to the 4th week of HiLo（P 〈 0.01）,then returned to the baseline in the 1st week after HiLo,while changed insignificantly in LoLo group（P 〉 0.05）.（5）LYM and Mo decreased and GRAN increased in HiLo group（P 〈 0.05）,while changed insignificantly in LoLo group（P 〉 0.05）.Conclusions 4-week HiLo inhibited cellular immune function to some extent without obvious influence on humoral immune function in female rowers.