2010—2012年度季节性流行性感冒疫苗对6～59月龄儿童保护效果的病例对照研究

Case-control study on seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness among children from 2010 to 2012

目的评价2010—2012年度季节性流行性感冒疫苗（流感疫苗）对儿童的上市后保护效果。方法选择2010—2012年度6-59月龄的实验室诊断流感病例为病例组,在儿童预防接种信息系统中随机选择健康儿童为对照组,进行1∶2匹配的病例对照研究,采用条件Logistic回归计算保护效果。结果研究中共纳入1 255组研究对象。2010—2011和2011—2012年度,流感疫苗对6-59月龄儿童完全免疫的保护效果分别为73.2%（95%可信限（CI）：52.2-85.0）和52.9%（95%CI：42.1-61.7）,对6-35月龄儿童的保护效果优于36-59月龄儿童,完全免疫的保护效果优于部分免疫。流感疫苗的保护效果从1-3月的68.9%（95%CI：57.5-77.2）衰减至4-6月的48.4%（95%CI,33.8-59.7）。结论流感疫苗对6-59月龄儿童具有一定的保护效果,儿童接种疫苗后可以减少52.9%-73.2%的流感病例,建议儿童每年及时进行全程免疫。

Objective To estimate the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine during 2010 to 2012 seasons. Metho- d s The 1∶ 2matched case-control study was conducted among children aged 6-59 months. The influenza cases from surveillance sites in Guangzhou were laboratorial confirmed during the study periods. The healthy controls were randomly selected from children aged 6 to 59 months in the Children＇s Expanded Programmed Immunization Administrative Computerized System. Vaccine effectiveness was analyzed by conditional logistic regression. Results The vaccination information for 1 255 sets of subjects were analyzed in 2 influenza seasons in Guangzhou,China. Protective rate for vaccination during the 2010— 2011 and 2011—2012 seasons for children 6- 59 months were 73. 2%（ 95% confidence interval（ CI） ： 52. 2- 85. 0） and 5 2. 9%（ 95% CI： 42. 1- 61. 7）,respectively. Full vaccination provided more protective effect than partial vaccination. The VE decreased from 68. 9%（ 95% CI： 57. 5- 77. 2） in 1-3 months after vaccination to 48. 4%（ 95% CI： 33. 8- 59. 7） in 4- 6 months after vaccination. Conclusions This post-licensing study of VE found that moderate protection against influenza for vaccinated children aged 6 to 59 months. Annual,full and timely vaccination should be encouraged for children.