聊城市2004—2013年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis on epidemic encephalitis B inLiaocheng city from 2004 to 2013

目的分析2004—2013年聊城市流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)流行病学特征,为预防控制乙脑策略提供流行病学参考依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统2004—2013年聊城市乙脑报告病例信息,采用描述流行病学方法分析其流行病学特征。结果聊城市2004—2013年共报告乙脑病例232例,平均年发病率为0.40/10万,其中2013年发病率达到1.34/10万;95.69%的病例集中在8-10月,9月份为发病高峰;年平均发病率居前3位的为临清市、东昌府区和高唐县;病例主要集中在15岁以下(123例),占总病例数的53.02%;2006年以来≥15岁病例所占比例(46.98%)呈逐渐增加趋势;职业分布以农民(36.64%)、散居儿童(28.45%)、学生(22.41%)为主。结论聊城市乙脑发病总体呈下降趋势,但2013年呈高水平流行,威胁依然存在,预防控制策略应采取以接种疫苗为主的综合措施。乙脑发病年龄明显后移,建议结合发病情况制定成人乙脑防控策略。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese Encephalitis（ JE） in Liaocheng city from 2004 to 2013 and provide the scientific evidences for effectively preventing and controlling JE. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of JE. Data was collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention during 2004 to 2013. Results A total of 232 JE cases were reported in Liaocheng city during 2004 to 2013 with the average annual incidence rate of 0. 40 /100 000. 79 cases were reported in 2013 with a high annual incidence of 1. 34 /100 000. 95. 69%,of cases were reported from August to October and the peak occurred in September,the first three areas with high incidence rate were located in Linqing city,Dongchangfu district and Gaotang county. Most cases（ 123） were under 15 years old（ 53. 02%）,but the proportion of ≥15 years old cases（ 46. 98%） increased annually from 2006. In occupational distribution,the farmers,scattered children,and students accounted for 36. 64%,28. 45% and 22. 41%,respectively. Conclusion The overall incidence rate of JE has decreased in Liaocheng city,but threat still exists and preventive measures should be enhanced. Due to the increasement of portion of older age group,the issue of adult cases should be considered when making JE prevention and control strategy.