正常成年人肾脏大小估算公式初探

Individual influencing factors of the normal adult kidney size

目的 探讨健康人群肾脏的大小与性别、年龄、身高、体重、腹围的关系,得出肾脏大小的估算公式.方法 2012年12月至2013年4月在天津医科大学总医院健康体检中心查体1 000人,其中男462例,女538例,年龄21～78岁.均无高血压、糖尿病、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病等疾病.血尿素氮、肌酐、空腹血糖、血尿酸、尿常规正常.所有受检者测身高、体重、腹围.清晨空腹仰卧位测量双肾大小（测量双肾长径、横径及厚径,每个径线均为3次测量后取其平均值）,超声仪采用PhilipiU22,C5-1,3.5 MHz凸阵探头,由同一技术熟练者操作.结果 男女双侧肾脏长度均与身高有显著相关性（右侧r=0.845,左侧r=0.876,P＜0.01）.多元回归分析,身高、体重、体表面积对肾脏大小的影响显著（R2＞0.5）.与身高相关的肾脏长径（cm）的估算公式（身高单位：cm）：（1）男性：右侧肾脏长径=0.059×身高＋0.144,左侧肾脏长径=0.061×身高＋0.287;（2）女性：右侧肾脏长径=0.039×身高＋3.679,左侧肾脏长径=0.035×身高＋4.454;（3）如果不分性别,身高与左侧肾脏长径的拟合度更好,左侧肾脏长径=0.052×身高＋0.721;（4）不分性别,与身高、体重、体表面积相关的左肾长径估算公式（单位：身高：cm,体重：kg,体表面积：m2）：左侧肾脏长径=0.114×身高＋0.139×体重-10.287×体表面积＋2.112.结论 身高与肾脏长径的相关性最好.身高、体重、体表面积对肾脏大小影响较大.

Objective To explore the relationship between the size of the kidney and gender,age,height,weight,waist circumference then derive an estimation formula of a normal kidney size for different people.Methods We investigated 1 000 normal cases who accepted the examination in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from December 2011 to April 2012,including 462 males,538 females,aged 21-78 years.All the investigated subjects were healthy except for hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease.Blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （Cr）,fasting glucose,uric acid,routine urine test were all in the normal range.Height,weight,and waist circumference were measured for all the subjects.The renal length and transverse diameter in supine coronal sections,anteroposterior diameter in vertical cross-section of the renal hilum were measured by the same technical experts with Philip iU22 C5-1,3.5 MHz convex array probe.Results The right and left kidney size both are significantly related to height （right r=0.845,left r=0.876,P＜0.01）.By multiple regression analysis,there was a significant association between height,weight,body surface area and kidney size （R2＞0.5）.Linear regression formula for the kidney length and the height（H,cm）：Kidney length of men：right 0.059×H＋0.144; left：0.061 ×H＋0.287.Kidney length of women：right 0.039×H＋3.679; left：0.035×H＋4.454.Regardless of gender,the formula of left kidney length：0.052× H＋0.721.Linear regression formula about the left kidney length and the height,body weight and body surface area （unit：H cm,W kg,BSA m2）：0.114×H＋0.139×W-10.287×BSA＋2.112.Conclusion There is the best correlation between kidney length and height.Height,weight,body surface area have great influence on kidney size.