唾液皮质醇与硫酸脱氢表雄酮测定在海军长航军事作业应激评估中的应用

Evaluation of performance stress among military submarine soldiers by using salivary cortisol,DHEA-S and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio assay

目的对唾液中皮质醇与硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S)含量及其比值的变化在长航军事作业应激中的意义进行评估。方法选择海军某部潜艇官兵40名,分别在远航训练数周后归来时及上岸休整9个月后采集唾液标本,同时采集与海军官兵年龄相当的军事医学科学院研究生部34名男性研究生期终考试期间及全部科目考试结束后1周的唾液标本作为对照,酶联免疫吸附法检测唾液中皮质醇及DHEA-S的浓度,并计算二者间的比值。结果长航作业应激不影响唾液中皮质醇的浓度,但导致DHEA-S水平显著降低,皮质醇与DHEA-S比值增高。而短期考试应激对皮质醇及DHEA-S的水平没有影响,也不影响该比值。结论该研究证实慢性军事作业应激可以显著降低唾液DHEA-S的含量,改变皮质醇与DHEA-S的比值,该比值增高可能是评估慢性应激对机体影响的较敏感的应激标志。而采用唾液标本具有采样简单方便、敏感性良好的特性,可用于应激标志物的检测。

Objective To investigate the significance of salivary cortisol,dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate（DHEA-S）and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio changes for evaluation of military performance stress.Methods Forty submarine soldiers were selected,whose saliva samples were collected separately at the end of long-term dive training and after nine months of relaxation break.In addition,the saliva samples of thirty-four graduate students were collected the moment they finished a three-hour final examination and one week later.The method of ELISA was used to detect the levels of salivary cortisol and DHEA-S and to count their ratio.Results After long-term dive training,the submarine soldiers showed significantly decreased DHEA-S and an increased cortisol/DHEA-S ratio,but the cortisol level did not change very much.In contrast,the final examination stress did not change the level of cortisol,DHEA-S or the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio among these students.Conclusion This is the first study to show that long-term,chronic military performance stress is associated with the salivary DHEA-S and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio changes.The increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio may be used as an important and useful biomarker to evaluate chronic stress.In addition,it is relatively simple and sensitive to detect stress biomarkers by using saliva samples.