论西周成周的营建

Construction of Chengzhou in Western Zhou Dynasty

成周是西周时期的东都。本文结合考古材料、金文资料及古文献记载,对西周成周营建的具体过程进行论述。西周时期,武王、成王分别营建成周,首先需要考察地形并选址。武王曾在伊洛河流域考察地形并决定在嵩山附近建立成周,具体在今洛阳汉魏故城一带,考古发掘也为此提供了证据。成王曾派召公在洛水之北、邙山之南考察地形并决定在瀍河流域建立成周。近些年的考古发现证明,成王之世营建的成周就在今洛阳瀍河两岸。在确定具体位置之后,还要经过相宅、卜宅、定宅等复杂的步骤,才能正式开始施工营建。武王营建成周在武王克商当年即公元前1046年,成王营建成周始于成王五年即公元前1041年。

Chengzhou was the eastern capital of the Western Zhou. The current author studies archaeological discoveries, bronze inscriptions and ancient literature to find out the construction of Chengzhou. It is recorded that King Wu inspected the terrain along the Yi and Luo rivers and decided to build a city near Mount Song. Its location was near the ancient city site of Luoyang that dates to the Han to Wei period. Archaeological excavations in this site have supported such hypothesis King Cheng sent Zhao Gong to regions north of the Luo river and south of the Mount Mang and decided to build the eastern capital by the Chan river. Recent archaeological discoveries show that this capital was located on both sides of the Chan river in Luoyang. After the location was chosen, a series of procedures had to be followed, including examination, divination and final approval, before the construction was started. King Wu＇s Chengzhou was built in 1046 BC and King Cheng＇s in 1041 BC.