外来体源性miRNA在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

Research progress of exosome- delivered microRNAs in cancer

外来体(exosomes)是由细胞内多泡体与细胞膜融合后,释放到细胞外的一种直径约30-100nm的膜性囊泡。外来体广泛存在于血清、尿液、乳液、唾液等细胞外液体中。而miRNA则是一类内源性非编码小分子RNA,通过与靶mRNA特异的碱基配对,引起靶mRNA翻译抑制,从而在转录后水平调节基因的表达。外来体中含有各种蛋白质、miRNA以及mRNA,并能将其携带的miRNA递送至受体细胞而发挥生物学作用。近年来,关于外来体源性miRNA可作为新的肿瘤标志物、参与细胞间信息传递及作为肿瘤靶向治疗等方面的研究成为热点,本文主要对外周血中的外来体源性miRNA在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展进行综述。

Exosomes are small 30 - 100nm membrane vesicles that are released by different types of cells. When cy-tosolic multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane,exosomes are released. They can be found in various bodily fluids including serum,urine,milk,and saliva. MicroRNAs（ miRNAs）are small noncoding RNA molecules that can modulate gene expression by binding to the target mRNA and inhibiting the translation of the target mRNA. Exosomes contain proteins,miRNAs and mRNAs,transfer miRNAs to recipient cells,thus play an important biological role. Recently,exosomal miRNAs are becoming a research hotspot in novel biomarker discovery,intercellular commu-nication mechanisms,and therapeutic intervention strategies. This article mainly discusses the research progress of ex-osome - delivered microRNAs in peripheral blood in cancer.