《红楼梦》版本“二元论”诠考——以第五回“悲金悼玉”与第二十二回宝黛钗谜诗为中心

On Duality of the Versions of Dream of the Red Mansions

文章从胡适生前面对罕觏之涉红资料——永忠"吊雪芹三绝句"秘而不宣为切入口,重考《红楼梦》在早期传播史上即存在版本"二元论"现象,即初期流布已有《红》系本和《石》系本两种本子:前者为雪芹家传本,题签曰《红楼梦》,以甲辰本、程本为代表;后者为脂砚们圈内传阅本,题签曰《石头记》,以甲戌本、庚辰本、戚序本等脂本为代表。现存《石》系本即所谓脂本,因传播频繁、燕石莫辨、残阙不一而讹误衍夺甚夥,亦有因脂砚们不甚了解《红楼梦》主旨和雪芹命意而自以为是的篡改和歪曲。有鉴于此,以第五回"悲金悼玉"、第二十二回宝黛钗谜诗为中心,以第十八回、二十一回、二十八回等异文为佐证,考辨《红》系本乃雪芹家藏原本,许多异文并非源自脂本,而是自成系统,进而揭橥两系本隔如参商,在钗黛形象塑造方面爱憎迥别,右钗右黛亦轩格不入,论辩雪芹笔锋含蓄蕴藉,虽以一字之褒贬而春秋大义在焉。

Thirty years ago, Mei Jie first presented the idea of the existence of the dual versions of Dream of the Red Mansions. Based on that, this paper, beginning with Hu Shi＇s secret material, i.e.＂three poems in memory of Xueqin＂, reviews the phenomenon of the existence of two versions of Dream of the Red Mansions in an early time, i.e. Hong versions and Shi versions. The former, named Dream of the Red Mansions, was kept within Cao Xueqin＇s family, typically represented by Jia-chen version and Cheng version. The latter, named The Story of the Stone, was circulated among the circle of Zhi-yan Zhai scholars, typically represented by Jia-xu version,Geng-chen Version and Qi-xu version. The existing Shi versions（also known as Zhi versions） have many errors due to massive circulation and damages or wrong revisions by Zhi-yan Zhai scholars. Thus, mainly based on Chapter five and Chapter twenty two,this paper argues that Hong versions originally were Cao Xueqin＇s family version, that many different lines were not from Zhi versions, but had its own system, and that those two versions were so different that they depicted different images for Xue Baochai and Lin Daiyu.