新中国成立以来民意搜集机制及其要素研究

Collection Mechanisms and Elements of Public Opinion Since the Founding of New China

全能主义时代的民意搜集机制,其内在假设在于,具有较低公民精神的"群众",其意愿需要一批符合相应成员资格标准并且保持较高服务伦理的搜集主体,通过搜集渠道加以"体察"。进入后全能主义时代,随着现实生态环境的变化,各搜集要素都发生较大历史变迁:搜集主体的道德热忱逐步消逝,其搜集动力出现了内外部双重不足趋势,民意主体的公民精神和参与意识却不断增强,搜集渠道虽得到恢复并有所发展,但部分发生了功能失灵。这使得原有搜集机制受到严重挑战,一系列改革应对措施逐步出台。在主体要素层面进行"整党"、"扩源"和"保先",巩固与重塑搜集主体的成员资格和能力素质;在客体要素层面逐步"转变"认识取向,"承认"民众参与表达权,并"吸纳"民意诉求;在中介要素层面则在"恢复"和"夯实"的基础上,进行了"开拓"和"创新"。

As to public opinion gathering mechanism in totalitarian era, its inherent assumption isthat citizen spirit is low in the ＂masses＂, so their wishes need to be investigated by a number of collec-ting subjects that meet the appropriate criteria for membership and maintain a high service ethic . Whilein post-totalitarian era, with the changes in the real environment, historical changes have taken place ineach collecting elements：as to collecting subjects, their moral enthusiasm gradually fade away, their col-lecting momentum appear dual trends of inadequacy both inside and outside ; as to the public body, theircitizenship and participation awareness keep growing; and as to collection channels, although some havebeen restored and developed, but some malfunctions occur. This makes the original collection mechanismseriously challenged, in response a series of reform measures have been gradually pushed out. Just likethat, in subject aspect, to rectify the Party, to expand the source, to maintain the advanced nature;while in object aspect, to change know-orientation gradually, to recognize their right to express publicparticipation, to absorb the public demands; as to intermediary factor, to carry on pioneering and innova-tion based on recovery and reinforce.