法藏敦煌文书P.2942相关问题再考

Some Problems Concerning P.2942,a Dunhuang Manuscript Collected in France

法藏敦煌文书P.2942为唐代吐蕃占领河陇之际的官方文书,其中的"尚书","使主","副帅","元帅"为同一人,但并非杨志烈或杨休明,而是崔汉衡墓志所记"俄属艰难,春官卿尚衡总戎河右"之句中的礼部尚书尚衡。周逸勾结回纥杀害尚衡,乃周逸与当时的唐朝叛臣仆固怀恩彼此串通合谋的结果。建中元年十二月尚衡能增列忠义表绝非偶然,这进一步说明他的事迹在没有得到西域消息时,很长一段时间是不为唐朝廷所知或认可的。文书应该为尚衡与杨休明先后以河西节度使的身份主持河西军政时的判文,后经判官、录事、掌书记一类的文职人员抄写誊清后作为政府备案的档案幸存下来,其命名应该为《河西节度观察使判牒集》;文书反映的史事应该是在大历元年(766)六月至八、九月间。

P. 2942 is an official document dated to a period of the Tang dynasty when the Helong area was occupied by the Tibetans. The titles “Shangshu,”“Shizhu,” “Fushuai,” and “Yuanshui” therein refer to a single person： not Yang Zhilie, nor Yang Xiuming, but Shang Heng, the minister of rituals recorded in Cui Hanheng＇s epitaph. As a result of Zhouyi＇s collusion with Pugu Huai＇en, a rebellious official of the Tang dynasty, Zhou Yi collaborated with the Uighurs to kill Shang Heng. It was not accidental that Shang Heng was included on a list of “loyal persons” in December of the second year of Jianzhong era, which suggests that Shang Heng had not been recognized by Tang officials for a long time before the message about his death reached the Tang court. The manuscript is presumed to be a judicial record produced to document that Shang Heng and Yang Xiuming successively took charge of the army and government of Hexi as Hexi Commander; the manuscript was later transcribed for government archives. It should therefore be named Collection of Judicial Documents of the Commander and Surveillance Commissioner in Hexi, the events it records should have taken placebetween June and August or September in the first year of the Dali era （766 CE）.