少数民族优惠政策的渊源、法理与特征

The conception,origin and characteristics of the preferential policies for minority groups in the perspective of normative research

少数民族优惠政策作为少数民族权利保护之组成部分,有着深刻的权利法理与国际、国内法渊源,其本质是通过对少数民族群体及其成员实施差别性优惠待遇,促进和维护共同领域的实质平等,以创造条件确保少数民族语言、宗教、文化等民族特征得以延续和发展,其初层次价值是实现实质平等,较高层次价值是差别权利的保障。该政策具有适用对象的特殊性、适用领域的特定性、政策适用的条件性、内容的授惠性、实施主体的国家性、政策实施的价值性等特征。

Preferential policies for minority groups as a part of the protective law for minority groups in China have originated from do- mestic and international laws, whose core elements include the following： some preferential policies for minority members in order to maintain substantial equality and ensure the inheritance and development of their languages, religions, cultures, etc.. It aims to realize substantial equality at first and then the guarantee of differential rights. Such policies have the following features： the particularity of applicable objects and fields, the conditionality of policy application, the profitability of policy content, the state - based implementa- tion subject, and practicability.