民族调查与电影传统——“民纪片”渊源初探

Ethnic investigation and the tradition of films: A preliminary study of the social,historical and scientific documentary films of Chinese minority groups

1957～1981年期间摄制的“中国少数民族社会历史科学纪录影片”（简称民纪片），是中国民族志电影的早期形态。民纪片开创了中国纪录电影的一个新类型，但无论是在影视人类学还是在电影史的领域中，对于它的研究却一直未能深入。对民纪片的渊源和背景的初步探讨表明，民纪片在我国发展的基本线索是：近因源于20世纪50到60年代民族大调查中影像手段的普遍使用；远源则与民国时期的电影和边疆考察影像相衔接。

The social, historical and scientific documentary films of Chinese minority groups made between 1957 and 1981 are the early forms of Chinese ethnological films. Though these films are a new type in Chinese documentary films, they have not received adequate attention either in visual anthropology or in the history of films. A preliminary study of the origins and backgrounds of these films re- veals that they are related both to the early visual recording of the borderland investigation and some films of the period of the Republic of China and the popular use of visual recording in the ethnic investigations in the 1950s and the 1960s.