侗族糯稻种植的历史变迁——以黔东南黎、榕、从为例

A historical study of the growing of glutinous rice by the Dong ethnic group: A case study in southeast Guizhou Province

侗族及其先民在历史上曾以种植糯稻为主,在此基础上所建构起来的文化体系是侗族特有的社会文化景观。然而,历史上,自从中央王朝的统治逐渐深入,侗族及其先民的糯稻种植受到了越来越大的影响,尤其是民国和新中国成立后,随着政府一系列"糯改籼"政策的实施,侗族的糯稻种植受到了极大的冲击,种植面积不断减少,由此使侗族的传统社会文化发展趋势发生转向,许多民间传统育种方式和糯稻品种也此过程中消失,侗族完全被裹协至现代性的发展轨迹。在环境人类学的理论范式下,对侗族糯稻种植演变的这一历史过程进行梳理,旨在说明知识与权利对一个民族传统文化的影响。

Abstract ：The ancestors of the Dong ethnic group mainly grew glutinous rice in the past, which helped the formation of their special cultural system. However, since the Central Imperial Court strengthened its rule, their growing of glutinous rice was on the decline. The Republic of China and the Peoples Republic of China have carried out the policy of growing non - glutinous rice rather than glutinous rice, and as a result the area of glutinous rice has shrunk, which has exerted much influence on the orientation of the socio - cultural development of the Dongs. Quite a few growing methods and varieties of glutinous rice have vanished in this process of modernity. This paper adopts the theory of environmental anthropology to give a historical analysis of the Dongs growing of glutinous rice, which reveals the influence of knowledge and power on the traditional culture of the Dongs.