中国农业污染物影子价格及其污染成本研究

Shadow Prices and Pollution Costs in Chinese Agriculture

测算农业生产过程排放污染物的影子价格对监管农业生产过程有着重要的意义。利用二次型方向性距离函数和收益函数的对偶关系,测算中国30个省市2000—2012年农业生产过程中排放的总氮、总磷和化学需氧量(COD)这三种污染物的影子价格。研究发现:在所研究期间,中国农业生产排放总氮、总磷和化学需氧量的影子价格分别是7 039.37元/吨,7 399.04元/吨,6 468.23元/吨;除了个别省市之外,不同省市的污染物影子价格差异不大,对污染物排放采取国家宏观统一监管能取得良好的效果;农业生产技术、对农业生产过程监管意识以及农业生产环境的差异是导致各省市污染成本占比不同的主要因素。从中国年均的污染成本来看,农业生产污染物排放代价是巨大的。

Estimates of the shadow prices of the pollutions that emissions of agricultural production process is significant for regulate the agriculture. This paper using the dual relations of the quadratic directional distance function and the revenue function acquire the shadow prices of TP,TN,and COD of china's 30 provinces during the 2000—2012.The results found that the shadow prices of three pollutions of agriculture are 7 039. 37,7 399. 04,6 468. 23 every tons;apart from a few cities,different provinces of the shadow price of pollutions is insignificant,using the national macroregulation for the emissions of pollution can achieve good results; since the different provinces have differences in agriculture production technology and efficiency as well as differences in the regulatory sense of the agricultural production process,it is the major factor the different costs of pollution in different provinces. At last,from the view of average annual cost of pollution in china and found that the cost is enormous.