广州官产投变事件中的革命政府与地方社会

The Revolutionary Government and Local Society in the Sale of Official Property in Guangzhou

1923年初,孙中山第三次开府广州,建立大元帅大本营。其间,客军盘踞省垣,控制税捐,孙中山坐困愁城。在此非常时期,为从财政上支持大元帅府讨伐沈鸿英、东征陈炯明与北伐统一的事业,孙科治下之广州市政厅以投变广州官产的方式进行筹款;然而其手段显有强取之嫌,一度造成社会秩序混乱,市民啧有烦言。此举对广州革命政府形象、民众对政府的认同、地方社会发展及政局稳定均产生较为负面的影响;但官产投变收入为大元帅府的正常运作,及讨沈、征陈和北伐军事斗争,提供了基本的财力支持,顺应了近代中国革命统一的历史大势,具有进步意义。

At the beginning of 1923,Sun Yat-sen established his government in Guangzhou for the third time and set up his Generalissimo's Headquarters there.Meanwhile,auxiliary troops had settled in the provincial capital,where they controlled the taxes,leaving Sun Yat-sen isolated and confined.In this emergency,the Guangzhou Government under Sun Ke decided to raise money by selling Guangzhou government properties in order to support the Generalissimo Headquarters,suppress Shen Hongying's forces and those of Chen Jiongming in the east,and realize national unification through the Northern Expedition.However,Sun Ke's methods appeared close to force majeure and threw the city into disorder,arousing public indignation.This had a negative impact on the revolutionary government's image,public identification with the government,regional social development and political stability. At the same time,the auctioning of government property had progressive significance in that its revenue provided basic financial support for the normal operation of the Generalissimo Headquarters,the campaigns against Shen and Chen,and the military engagements of the Northern Expedition,and was thus in line with the historical trend of the revolutionary unity of modern China.