印度第16届人民院大选:“发展”模式及其争议

India's 2014 Election:Is Development of Overriding Importance?

2014年印度大选产生了近30年来首个多数党政府。莫迪及其领导的印度人民党的上台,意味着在更具"决断性"和"包容性"的政治领袖、以经济增长为核心的古吉拉特模式和以福利为核心的发展模式的较量中,印度人选择了前者。印度人民党政府的多数地位将在快速变革的全球化市场体系中为印度重建一个更加强大和更具决断性的中央政府,以改善民主制度的缓慢决策程序导致的巨大代价。但是,能否将古吉拉特模式复制到全印度,印度人民党政府还将依赖于与邦政府的合作;而在宗教和少数民族等问题上,印度人民党政府也无法回避穆斯林对于包容性政治的诉求。

India's 2014 election resulted in the country' s first majority government in 30 years.The rise of Modi,his Bharatiya Janata Party and its more ' decisive' and 'tolerant' political leaders implies that the Indian people have chosen the Gujarat Model and its focus on economic growth over development models based on social welfare.The Bharatiya Janata Party's majority government will quickly result in a stronger and more decisive central government,which can improve the country's democratic institutions and reduce the costs of decision making in the face of a rapidly changing global market system.While so,whether the Gujarat Model can be extended to the rest of India depends on cooperation from state governments;meanwhile,when it comes to religion and ethnic minority concerns,the Bharatiya Janata government will not be able to escape the political demands of Muslims.