日本汽车产业对华投资战略研究——基于对外投资理论视角

A Study on the Investment Strategy of Japanese Auto Industry in China:Based on the Theory of Foreign Investment

近年来日本汽车产业一直加速对外投资布局,海外生产比率持续攀升。在对外投资理论的多维视角下,日系车企对华投资演变体现出深层特征,如投资动因弱化垂直型投资因素,偏重水平型投资;区位选择从分散转向相对集中,并形成产业集群;投资方式从边际部门向比较优势部门转移;投资影响反映在对中国自主品牌的双重效应等。钓鱼岛事件后,中国市场上日系车购买意愿降低,日系品牌在华销售份额大幅缩水。事实上,从2008年起,日系车在华市场占有率便呈下降趋势,其根本原因在于竞争优势弱化。日系车企以钓鱼岛事件为契机,重新布局在华生产投资战略。在日本汽车产业在华投资模式发生转变之际,中国应在技术优势、区位优势、市场环境等方面对日系车企加以政策引导,加强中日节能环保技术合作,以推动中国自主汽车品牌在全球价值链中的产业升级。

In recent years, Japanese auto industry has accelerated its FDI layout, with its overseas production ratio continuing to rise. There have been deep - level changes of Japanese auto manufacturers＇ investment in China, which can be seen from multidimensional perspectives of foreign investment theory. Japanese investment motivation has been more influenced by horizontal FDI factors than vertical FDI factors. Its location choice has tended from scattering to centralizing and formed industrial cluster. Its investment target has shifted from marginal sectors to comparative advantage sectors. Since September 2012 when Japanese government launched the ＂national purchase＂ of Diaoyu Islands, purchase intention of Japanese cars had been greatly reduced in Chinese market. Japanese market share has been reduced since the year 2008 due to weakening of its competitive advantage. In the context of Diaoyu Islands issues, Japanese auto manufacturers are working to re-layout investment strategy in China. China should provide Japanese auto enterprises with pohcy guidance relating to technical advantages, location advantages and market environment, and strengthen Sino - Japanese cooperation on energy - saving and environmentally friendly technologies in order to promote the position of Chinese self - brand auto industry in the global value chain.