北魏洛阳寺院园林营建考——以《洛阳伽蓝记》为中心的考察

An Investigation on Temple Garden Construction of Luoyang in Northern Wei Dynasty

北魏时期是中国古典园林发展的重要阶段。在这一时期,首都洛阳寺院园林大量出现。洛阳寺院园林的涌现,是北魏佛教的传播、洛阳长期积淀的佛教文化以及社会上层奢靡风气等因素共同作用的结果。当时在洛阳营建寺院园林的社会阶层十分广泛,包括皇帝、后妃、贵族、官僚以及一般平民,此外还有西域胡人,因而洛阳寺院园林在营建规模和建筑风格上,既有相同之处,也呈现一些差异。并且,洛阳寺院园林的建筑营造、假山和水池的修建以及植物的栽培也都各具特点,显示了精美化的特色。

Northern Wei period witnessed major development in classical Chinese garden. During this period a lot of temple gardens emerged in the capital Luoyang which resulted from the spread of Buddhism, the Bud- dhist culture and the luxury fashion of the upper class. Many people including the emperors, the queens, aris- tocrats, bureaucrats, common people and even the barbarian tribes of Western regions engaged in the con- struction of temple gardens in Luoyang, therefore, there are both similarities and differences in the scale and the architectural style of the gardens. The building, rookery, pool and the cultivation of the plants are charac- teristic of fineness.