上林壮语致使结构

Causative Constructions of the Zhuang Language in Shanglin

上林壮语致使结构可以根据两个语义参项分为三种类型:一是使用标记te:η1的结构,说明致使者无意导致某种不幸结果;二是使用标记hη3的结构,说明致使者有意促使或者有意不阻止某种结果;三是使用标记ku6的结构,说明致使者有意程度比较强。ku6来源于动词"做",hη3来源于动词"给予",te:η1来源于被动义。根据语言类型学的研究,te:η1的语义来源及其所表达的不幸语义范畴是上林壮语致使结构的特点。

Causative constructions of the Zhuang language in Shanglin can be classified into three types based on two semantic parameters： 1 ） causatives in te：η defining an unpleasant result achieved by the causer unintentionally; 2） causatives in hoη defining a result achieved by the causer intentionally or letting it happen ; and 3） causatives in ku6 stressing a stronger intention of the causer. The causative markers horη and ku6 derive from verbs meaning to ＂give＂ and ＂make/do＂ respectively, and the marker te：η from passive meaning. Based on typology surveys, the study shows that the grammaticalization of te：η, as well as its definition of an unpleasant situation, could be the outstanding feature of causatives in the Zhuang language of Shanglin.