FTA框架下遗传资源及传统知识保护谈判与我国的应对策略

Negotiations on Gene Resources and Traditional Knowledge Protection under the Framework of Free Trade Agreement and Our Coping Strategies

遗传资源及传统知识的保护涉及两个重要的法律问题:一是遗传资源及传统知识保护与知识产权保护之间的协调;二是国内法如何落实《生物多样性公约》(CBD)对遗传资源及传统知识保护的要求。与多边体制下的政治博弈机制相比,双边体制下通过自由贸易协定(FTA)的谈判,可以推动遗传资源及传统知识保护的进步,有助于协调国内法在保护遗传资源及传统知识方面的冲突。就FTA的签署对遗传资源及传统知识保护产生的实际影响而言,已有的谈判成果推动了遗传资源及传统知识保护与知识产权保护的协调与发展。我国在今后的FTA谈判中,应当高度重视遗传资源及传统知识的保护,厘清FTA签署对遗传资源及传统知识保护的影响问题,以便应对国际局势的变化并在双边谈判中维护国家利益。

The requirement to coordinate the relationship between CBD and TRIPS has been proposed on the international level. How to protect genetic resources and traditional knowledge and how to introduce this issue into intellectual property system has become an important problem for international community. At this stage it is difficult to reach common consensus in the multilateral system on these issues, let alone generate impacts on the application of laws at the domestic level. Discussing the protection of genetic resources and traditional knowledge in the framework of free trade agreement under multilateral negotiations should be considered as an alternative to multilateral negotiation. In order to ensure genetic resources and traditional knowledge related terms are reasonable in free trade agreements, it is essential to establish a correct understanding of the free trade agreement and embody the domestic level of protection in the agreement.