寄主植物花器挥发性物质分析及其对绿盲蝽成虫的引诱作用

Chemical compounds of the volatiles from host flowers and its attraction to the adults of Apolygus lucorum

针对绿盲蝽转主迁移过程中的趋花特性,本研究采用吸附法,获得了向日葵、棉花、玉米等寄主植物花器的主要挥发性物质,利用GC-MS技术,分析并明确了其各自的主要组分及其对绿盲蝽雌雄成虫的引诱作用。结果表明,3种植物花器挥发性物质对绿盲蝽雄成虫均具有较高的引诱作用,其中玉米花丝挥发物引诱作用最强。GC-MS结果表明,3种寄主植物花器挥发性组分差异较大,向日葵花器挥发物中主要成分为α-蒎烯,占50%以上,棉花花器挥发物中主要成分为间二甲苯,占25%以上,而玉米花丝中主要挥发性成分为2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚。综合3种寄主植物花器挥发性组分,主要包括:a-蒎烯,间二甲苯、乙酸叶醇酯和松油烯。与反-2-已烯醛、顺-3-己烯醇、苯乙醛和苯乙酮等绿盲蝽引诱物质相比,3种花器挥发物中的α-蒎烯、松油烯和乙酸叶醇酯均表现了与其基本相当的引诱效果,尤其松油烯对绿盲蝽雌成虫的引诱率达70.59%,可望应用于绿盲蝽的田间测报及防治。

In view of the preferences of Apolygus lucorum adult to flower organs on host plants, the volatiles of sunflower, cotton flower and maize silks were extracted by adsorption method and analyzed by GC - MS. And the attraction of the chemical compounds to A. lu- corum adult was determined by Y - tube olfactometer. The results showed that all of the three host flower volatiles had attractive activity to the male adults, and the maize silks volatile had the highest trap ratio. GC- MS results showed that the main compound ingredients from three host flowers were different. The a-pinene was main compound chemical in sunflower volatiles, which was over 50% than others. The 1,3 -dimethyl -benzene was the main compound in cotton flower, but the main volatile ingredient of maize was butylated hydroxytoluene, which had the weak volatileness. Taken together, a - pinene, 1,3 - dimethyl-- benzene, （Z）- 3 - hexen - 1 - ol acetate and terpinene may be the most attractive four chemical compounds to A. lucorum. By doing the attractive activity of the four compounds compared with 2 - hexenal, 3 -hexen - 1 -ol, phenylacetaldehyde and acetophenone to the insect adults, the results indica- ted that a - pinene, 3 - hexen - 1 - ol acetate and terpinene were all well attractive, which had the same effect as the four check compounds. And the attractive ratio of terpinene reached 70.59%, which is expected to be applied to forecasting and to controlling this main insect.