经典质点动力学方程的形式探讨

Investigation of the formalism of particle dynamics under the framework of classical mechanics

根据因果一致原理,重新构建了质点动力学的形式体系,由此得到了新的质点动力学方程.为了从更基本层次理解和导出这一方程,采纳的一个自然简单的假定是承认一个绝对空间背景的存在.实际上,由于时空的绝对背景必然和时空的相对标度相区分,一个绝对背景的存在既可以在最大程度上和狭义相对论的逻辑基础相容,又最精简地保留了基于直观经验的直觉性认识.除此之外,绝对背景也可以看作为是牛顿绝对时空观的潜在组成部分.在新质点动力学方程的应用过程中,不再需要以惯性系为适用前提,也无需人为地手放进虚拟的惯性力.从而实现了质点动力学方程在任何(相对背景)无自转的实际参考系中保持形式不变.而惯性力的本质就是参考物体所受到的真实力.分析表明,新的质点动力学方程能够自然地和作为牛顿第二定律实证基础的经验规律相契合,但是在形式上,质点动力学方程从伽利略相对性推广到了一个更切合实际的适度广义的相对性原理.

We reconstruct the formulism of particle dynamics under the framework of classical mechanics according to the causal consistency principle, and obtain a new particle dynamical equation. In this derivation there is a most nat- ural and＇simple assumption that an absolute background of space exists. In essence, the absolute background of space must be distinguished from the relative scales of space. The existence of an absolute background can not only be mostly compatible with the physical logic in special theory of relativity, but also retain the most fundamental elements in our intuitional experience. Certainly, the absolute background of space is also the underlying part of Newton＇s absolute view of space-time. In the application of the new dynamical equation, the inertial reference frames are no longer required and the inertial forces are no longer introduced by hand. This new dynamical equation can be directly applied in any reference frame which is irrotational with respect to the absolute background of space, namely a moderately general principle of relativity is realized on particle dynamics. The nature of the inertial force is nothing but the real forces exerted on the reference object. Further analysis illustrates that the new particle dynamical equa-tion is more in line with the empirical laws of classical mechanics experiments, than the traditional theoretical formula of Newton＇s second law.