牙龈蛋白的生物学特性及临床意义

Biological characteristics and clinical significance of gingipain

牙龈蛋白是一类结构和功能十分相似的蛋白质,具有多种生物学活性和免疫原性。牙龈蛋白分为牙龈蛋白酶R(Rgp)和牙龈蛋白酶K(Kgp),具有结合、吸收、聚集血红蛋白的能力,可以降解和灭活免疫球蛋白,有效抑制中性粒细胞产生氧,抑制其杀菌作用,使牙龈卟啉单胞菌细胞避免被噬菌细胞攻击。Kgp能分解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白,从而干扰血凝块的形成使凝血酶时间延长,引起病变组织出血。Rgp能促进牙龈成纤维细胞产生干细胞生长因子,参与牙周病的炎症和修复过程。牙龈蛋白能破坏血管内皮细胞中细胞因子的反应系统,降低其黏附性和细胞活性,在引起牙周病的同时参与心血管疾病发生。牙龈蛋白能直接作用于结合上皮,降解细胞之间的连接,破坏结合上皮结构和功能的完整性,为牙龈卟啉单胞菌侵入牙周组织进一步发挥致病作用创造条件。在免疫功能上,抗牙龈蛋白抗体可避免上牙槽骨的吸收。四环素族药物等抑制剂可抑制牙龈蛋白活性,提高宿主对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抵抗力。

Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the recognized periodontal pathogen bacterium, is a kind of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, and under the gum of plaque in patients with periodontal disease are discovered. It is closely related to the incidence of certain types of periodontal disease, the secretion of gum element is considered to be one of the important virulence factor. Based on the research progress in recent years, the article describes some important characteristics of the gingipains, including its structure, classification, as well as pathogenic mechanism and clinical significance.