森林、民生与环境:以民国时期甘肃为例

The Forest,People's Livelihood and Environment:Take Gansu Province during the Period of R.O.C.for Example

民国时期甘肃森林主要分布在嘉陵江、渭河、洮河、白龙江、大夏河流域和祁连山区,陇中和陇东也有少量森林分布。森林不仅为工农业生产和交通建设提供了大量的木材,而且为居民生活提供了一定的保障,居住在森林周边和附近的居民依赖于森林从事副业生产,以弥补家用不足。但民国时期甘肃森林出现了过度砍伐的问题,造成森林面积锐减,粗略估计抗战前甘肃森林覆盖率有6%,到抗战结束时只有3%。森林面积锐减既有传统木材利用的因素,也有当时社会经济发展对木材需求的因素,而制度缺失是森林遭到滥伐的主因。

During the period of R. O. C, the forest of Gansu was mainly distributed in Jialing（嘉陵江）, Wei（渭河）, Tao（洮河）, Bailong（白左江）, Daxia River（大夏河） basins and Qilian（祁连山） mountain area, and a small part of forest was distributed in central and eastern Gansu. The forest not only supplied a lot of wood for industry, agriculture and transportation construction, but also benefited people＇s daily life at some extent. Local residents depended on forest and engaged in sideline production to support home expenditure. Due to excessive deforestation in the period of R. O. C, the forest area of Gansu decreased rapidly. This phenomenon caused serious environmental disaster. The reasons for forest area decreasing included traditional wood utilization and the demand of social eco-nomic development for timber. The lack of system was the main reason for forest deforestation.