侯仁之先生绘制及使用北京地图研究

Research on Prof.Hou Renzhi's Cartographic Drawing and Application in Studying Historical Geography of Beijing

侯仁之先生毕生绘制与使用过大量北京地图。本文重点考察在其不同阶段研究中曾发挥重要作用、但未见于发表成果的这一部分地图,探讨其使用地图的方法和思想意义。自求学燕大时起,侯仁之即重视收集北京地图,地图是其获取城市信息、拓展地理视野的重要途径,对侯仁之早期萌发北京史地研究兴趣发挥了积极作用。留英时期,侯仁之开始于研究中绘制不同主题的地图,地图成为其表达历史地理学思想的重要载体,博士论文《北平历史地理》是此时运用北京地图的集中体现。归国后,地图成为侯仁之研究的组成部分,通惠河图组体现了其以已有地图中等高线、河流等要素为基础,将古籍记载加绘于地图当中,全面展示研究对象沿革过程及时空规律的研究方法。

Prof. Hou Renzhi drew and used a lot of Beijing maps in his academic life. Maps played an important role in different stages of Prof. Hou＇s work. This paper focuses on investigating how Prof. Hou used different kinds of map from the aspect of methodology. From the period in Yenching University, Hou paid attention to collect Beijing maps which helped him to get knowledge of this city and expanded his geography vision. Maps also stimulated Hou＇s early interest of Beijing＇s history and geography. During the period of studying in the UK, Hou began to draw different maps in research. Maps became an important carrier by which Hou expressed his historical geography thinking. Hou＇s doctoral dissertation ＂An Historical Geography of Beiping＂ was a representative work of using maps at this time. When back in China, map application became a part of Hours research on historical geography of Beijing. During drawing series maps of Tonghui River, Hou used existing maps as base maps, and combined current geography factors with ancient text information. Through this way, he could show the transition process and rules of time and space in one map.