清代黔铅京运研究

Research on Transporting Lead of Guizhou to Beijing in Qing Dynasty

黔铅京运是清代堪比滇铜京运的又一项大规模资源运输工程,然学术界对此问题缺乏应有的关注。本文系统论述了清代黔铅京运的背景、制度、路线及其影响,认为清代黔铅京运的兴起源于京局铸币量扩大而引发的币材需求,自雍正十三年起,中央每年划拨白银近30万两采购黔铅460万余斤,由贵州省派员分批押送,自黔西北大定府陆运至四川永宁铅店,然后沿永宁河、长江、运河入京。黔铅京运途径九省,横跨南北,途程万余里,数以万计的官吏、背夫、船夫、水手都投身其中,对清代经济和贵州区域发展产生了重要的影响。

Just like copper of Yunnan, lead of Guizhou transported to Beijing was also a large--scale resource transportation event. However, this issue was ignored by academia at some extent. The author researched the background, system, route and influence about lead transportation from Guizhou to Beijing, and pointed out the transportation upsurge appeared with the expanding coin material demand. From the 13th year of Emperor Yongzheng（雍正） reign, central government assigned three hundred thousand tael silver to purchase four million and six hundred thousand catty lead in Guizhou annually. The lead transportation route was from Dading prefecture（大宁府） of Northwest Guizhou, passed through Yongning（永宁）, Chongqing（重庆） of Sichuan, Hankow（汉口） of Hubei, Yizheng（仪征） of Jiangsu , Tianjing（天津） of Zhili, and ended in Beijingo This route traversed nine provinees--Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhili and Shandong. Ten hundreds of plaeemen, porters, boatmen and sailors devoted into this work. The lead transportation played an important role in regional development in Guizhou and had great effects on economic improvement of Qing Dynasty.